{"id":2556,"date":"2014-11-15T00:00:04","date_gmt":"2014-11-14T15:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/?p=2556"},"modified":"2014-11-15T00:00:04","modified_gmt":"2014-11-14T15:00:04","slug":"neuroscience2014%e3%80%90%e5%9b%bd%e9%9a%9b%e5%ad%a6%e4%bc%9a%e3%80%91","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/?p=2556","title":{"rendered":"Neuroscience2014\u3010\u56fd\u969b\u5b66\u4f1a\u3011"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"s6\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">201<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">4<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\/<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">11<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\/<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">15-19<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u306b<\/span><span class=\"s4\" style=\"color: #545454;\">Washington<\/span><span class=\"s4\" style=\"color: #545454;\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">DC<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Society for\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Neuroscience<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u00a02014<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u306b<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u53c2\u52a0<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\uff0e<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304b\u3089\u306f<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5c71\u672c<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5148\u751f\uff0c<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5927\u6751<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">(M2)<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\uff0c<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u5927\u897f<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">(M2)<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\uff0c\u771f\u5cf6<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">(M2)<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\uff0c\u5ca1\u6751<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">(M1)<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\uff0c\u6edd<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">(M1)<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\uff0c\u5927\u8c37<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">(M1)<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u306e<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">7<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u540d<\/span><span class=\"s3\" style=\"color: #000000;\">\u304c<\/span><span class=\"s5\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u5f62\u5f0f<\/span><span class=\"s5\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3067<\/span><span class=\"s5\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u767a\u8868\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<\/span><span class=\"s5\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u767a\u8868\u984c\u76ee\u306f\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u901a\u308a\u3067\u3059\uff0e<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s6\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Anatomical labeling with probabilistic inference for diffusion tensor\u00a0imaging of human brain<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"s6\" style=\"color: #000000;\">Utako Yamamoto, Masayuki Ohzeki, and Tomoyuki Hiroyasu<\/p>\n<p class=\"s6\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong>Sex differences of the pleasantness level of pictures upon cerebral activity using fMRI<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"s6\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s8\">Ayumi<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Omura<\/span><span class=\"s8\">, Misato Tanaka,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Utako<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Yamamoto,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Tomoyuki<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Hiroyasu<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"s8\">Analysis of color\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">temperature<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0to improve intelligent productivity\u00a0<\/span>-The effect for psychological states and brain activity-<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><a name=\"_GoBack\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s8\">N<\/span><span class=\"s8\">atsuko<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Onishi<\/span><span class=\"s8\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Utako<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Yamamoto,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Mitsunori<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Miki,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Tomoyuki<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Hiroyasu<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"s8\">Study on the related regions of working memory<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0using reading span test<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s8\">Nozomi<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Mashima<\/span><span class=\"s8\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Utako<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Yamamoto,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Tomoyuki<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Hiroyasu<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"s8\">Relationship between brain activity and emotional state during multi task<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s8\">Tatsuya Okamura,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Utako<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Yamamoto,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Tomoyuki<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Hiroyasu<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"s8\">Analysis of processing mechanism of the human brain with multiple sensory information using\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">fNIRS<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s8\">Keinichi<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Taki<\/span><span class=\"s8\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Utako<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Yamamoto,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Tomoyuki<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Hiroyasu<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><strong><span class=\"s9\">3D drawing system to combine MRI data of nerve fibers and\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s9\">fNIRS<\/span><span class=\"s9\">\u00a0data of activated brain regions<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"s7\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s8\">Shunsuke<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Ohtani<\/span><span class=\"s8\">,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Utako<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Yamamoto,\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s8\">Tomoyuki<\/span><span class=\"s8\">\u00a0Hiroyasu<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"s11\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3053\u306e\u5b66\u4f1a\u306f<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3084<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u81e8\u5e8a\u533b<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u306a\u3069<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u304c\u53c2\u52a0<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3059\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7d1a\u306e<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u8133\u3084\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u306a\u767a\u898b\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u5b9f\u969b\u306b<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">15,000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6280\u8853\u3084\u8133\u306e\u69cb\u9020<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\uff0c<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u5065\u5eb7<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\uff0c<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u75c5\u6c17<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\uff0c<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u304c<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u306a\u3055\u308c<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\uff0c\u6570\u591a\u304f\u306e<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u306a<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u7814\u7a76\u304c<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u62ab\u9732<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u79c1\u306f\u5b66\u4f1a<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u958b\u59cb<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">2\u65e5\u76ee\u306e\u767a\u8868<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u307e\u3060\u5b66\u4f1a\u306e\u96f0\u56f2\u6c17\u3084\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u6163\u308c\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u672c\u756a\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u7dca\u5f35\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u306e\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u9802\u304d\uff0c<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u58c1\u306b\u82e6\u3057\u307f\u3064\u3064\u3082\u8a00\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u6570\u540d\u306e\u65b9\u306b\u306finteresting! \u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u9802<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\uff0c<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\uff0c<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3055\u3089\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u78e8\u304d\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3068\u611f\u3058\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u6700\u5f8c\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u3054\u6307\u5c0e\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3063\u305f\u5148\u751f\u65b9\uff0c\u307e\u305f\u30ea\u30cf\u30fc\u30b5\u30eb<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3067\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u4e0b\u3055\u3063\u305f<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u7814\u7a76\u73ed\u3084\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u306e\u7686\u69d8\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u3042\u308a\u304c\u3068\u3046\u3054\u3056\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u4eca\u5f8c\u3068\u3082\u3054\u6307\u5c0e\uff0c\u3054\u97ad\u64bb\u306e\u7a0b\u3088\u308d\u3057\u304f\u304a\u9858\u3044\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s11\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"s11\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3010\u6587\u8cac\uff1a<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">M2\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u771f\u5cf6<\/span><span class=\"s10\" style=\"color: #333333;\">\u3011<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"s11\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"s11\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"s11\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-2557 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/1-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"1\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/3.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2559 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/3-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"3\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-2558 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http:\/\/www.is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/2-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"2\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"s11\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"s11\" style=\"color: #000000;\"><\/div>\n<p><!--more--><br \/>\n<strong>\u5b66\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5831\u544a\u66f8<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u5831\u544a\u8005\u6c0f\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u771f\u5cf6\u3000\u5e0c\u5b9f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u30ea\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30b9\u30d1\u30f3\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u306e\u9ad8\u6210\u7e3e\u7fa4\u3068\u4f4e\u6210\u7e3e\u7fa4\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u691c\u8a0e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Study on the related regions of working memory using reading span test of high and low score group<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8457\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u771f\u5cf6\u5e0c\u5b9f, \u5c71\u672c\u8a69\u5b50\uff0c\u5ee3\u5b89\u77e5\u4e4b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4e3b\u50ac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u4e00\u822c\u8ca1\u56e3\u6cd5\u4eba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Neuroscienece 2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4f1a\u5834<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u30ef\u30b7\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3DC<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u958b\u50ac\u65e5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">2014\/11\/15-19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u306e\u8a73\u7d30<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2014\/11\/15-19\u306b\u30ef\u30b7\u30f3\u30c8\u30f3DC\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305fSociety for Neuroscience 2014\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u5b66\u4f1a\u306f\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3084\u81e8\u5e8a\u533b\u306a\u3069\u304c\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u4e16\u754c\u6700\u5927\u7d1a\u306e\u8133\u3084\u795e\u7d4c\u7cfb\u306b\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u767a\u898b\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u5b9f\u969b\u306b15,000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u6280\u8853\u3084\u8133\u306e\u69cb\u9020\uff0c\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u75c5\u6c17\uff0c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u30d7\u30ec\u30bc\u30f3\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u304c\u306a\u3055\u308c\uff0c\u6570\u591a\u304f\u306e\u9769\u65b0\u7684\u306a\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u62ab\u9732\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304b\u3089\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u5927\u6751\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5ca1\u6751\u541b\uff0c\u6edd\u541b\uff0c\u5927\u8c37\u541b\u304c\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\n<ul>\n<li>\u767a\u8868\u6982\u8981<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u79c1\u306f\u5b66\u4f1a\u958b\u59cb2\u65e5\u76ee\u306e8-12\u6642\u306e\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e \uff14\u6642\u9593\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u306e\u524d\u306b\u7acb\u3061\uff0c\u304d\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u306b\u81ea\u8eab\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306e3\u5206\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u6642\u9593\u30682\u5206\u306e\u8cea\u7591\u5fdc\u7b54\u6642\u9593\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u300c\u30ea\u30fc\u30c7\u30a3\u30f3\u30b0\u30b9\u30d1\u30f3\u30c6\u30b9\u30c8\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u90e8\u4f4d\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u300d\u3067\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6284\u9332\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">The study of related sites of working memory using reading span test[Background and Purpose]Individual differences exist in working memory capacity. But good methods for evaluating brain functions related to working memory are unavailable. Therefore, the relationship between working memory and cerebral functions was observed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this study, the relationship between working memory capacity and cerebral blood flow change was evaluated using the results of a reading span test (RST), which is a language working memory task.[Methods]Five healthy subjects participated in this study. Cerebral blood flow change was measured under RST using fNIRS. The regions of interest in the brain were the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC),\u00a0Broca&#8217;s area, and Wernicke&#8217;s area which were mentioned in the Baddeley &amp; Hitch model. It has been reported that DLPFC is responsible for continuing cautions, while Broca&#8217;s area and Wernicke&#8217;s area manages language processing. First, the functional relation between DLPFC and RST was observed. Second we evaluated association of the region in working memory using the cross-correlation function.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n[Results]<br \/>\nRST was evaluated according to the memorized number of words.\u00a0Working memory capacity is larger toward the higher score. The results of the relationship between RST score and brain activities, cerebral blood flow change in DLPFC of the subjects in the high score group were greater than that of the subjects in the low score group. The task score for each subject classified them into the high score group and the low score group. According to the results of the cross-correlation function, all subjects in high score group have high coefficient of correlation value which it is over 0.7 between Broca&#8217;s area and Wernicke&#8217;s area. In contrast, low score group have high coefficients of correlation value between DLPFC and Broca&#8217;s area.<br \/>\n[Discussions]<br \/>\nFrom the result that\u00a0high score subjects have large activities in DLPFC, we suggest that the brain function in DLPFC assume an important to perform RST. And high score group indicated that the language processing area has a strong association. On the other hand, low score group has a strong association between DLPFC and Broca&#8217;s area. The difference of the association area may be caused by compensation of differences in language processing. Therefore, we suggest that there may be a difference of the network system between high score group and low score group.<br \/>\n[Conclusions]<br \/>\nDifferences were observed in cerebral blood flow change caused by the difference of the working memory capacity. In addition we suggest that the difference of the working memory capacity is caused by not only the degree of intensity but also the relation of each region.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8cea\u7591\u5fdc\u7b54<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8cea\u7591\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\u306e\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0eDTW\u8ddd\u96e2\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u3089\u306a\u3044\u65b9\u304c\u591a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u3044\u65b9\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u3057\u3066\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7406\u89e3\u3057\u306b\u304f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3088\u3046\u3067\uff0c\u4f4e\u6210\u7e3e\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3092\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u805e\u304b\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u305d\u3053\u306fDTW\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3068\u3069\u3046\u3044\u3046\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u306a\u306e\u304b\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u7d0d\u5f97\u3057\u3066\u9802\u3051\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u660e\u6cbb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u4f50\u85e4\u30a2\u30ad\u30d2\u30ed\u3055\u3093\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3067DTW\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u7fa4\u9593\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u6210\u7e3e\u3068\u8ddd\u96e2\u3092\u76f8\u95a2\u3067\u307f\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3089\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u611f\u60f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u79c1\u306f\u5b66\u4f1a\u958b\u59cb2\u65e5\u76ee\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u307e\u3060\u5b66\u4f1a\u306e\u96f0\u56f2\u6c17\u3084\u82f1\u8a9e\u306b\u6163\u308c\u306a\u3044\u307e\u307e\u672c\u756a\u3092\u8fce\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3068\u306a\u308a\uff0c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u7dca\u5f35\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u306e\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u96c6\u307e\u308a\u9802\u304d\uff0c\u8a00\u8a9e\u306e\u58c1\u306b\u82e6\u3057\u307f\u3064\u3064\u3082\u8a00\u3044\u305f\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u6570\u540d\u306e\u65b9\u306b\u306finteresting! \u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u9802\u3044\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\uff0c\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u81ea\u4fe1\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\uff0c\u3055\u3089\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u78e8\u304d\u3092\u304b\u3051\u3066\u3044\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3068\u611f\u3058\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u4eca\u56de\u306f\u6700\u5f8c\u306e\u5b66\u4f1a\u767a\u8868\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u5f8c\u6094\u306a\u304f\u304a\u308f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3066\u826f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u8074\u8b1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e5\u4ef6\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u8074\u8b1b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb \uff1a\u3000The activity of the mirror neuron system during being imitated by others\u8457\u8005 \uff1a A. SATO, S. SHIMADA\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d \uff1a \u00a0Social cognition: Behavior and pharmacologyAbstruct \uff1a The mirror neuron system (MNS) is the brain areas that are activated when we perform some action and observe the same action performed by others. It is known that human beings tend to unconsciously imitate the behavior of others, and that the individual who is imitated tend to have good impression to the imitator, which is called the chameleon effect. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) we investigated the activity of MNS during being imitated by the other in order to examine the relationship between MNS and the chameleon effect. Sixteen subjects participated in this experiment. The subject was instructed to write a Japanese ancient character appeared on the screen within 9s (execution phase). Then the subject watched a movie stimulus (9s) in which a model with a blue or yellow glove wrote a Japanese ancient character that is either the same or different as the subject wrote in the previous execution phase (observation phase).We measured the brain activity around C3 and C4 of the 10\/20 system with NIRS throughout the experiment. After the experiment the subject evaluated how much the subject liked the blue or yellow hand in the video stimuli on a 7-point scale (1 = extremely dislikeable, 7 = extremely likeable). There was a significant difference in the hand liking score between the imitation and the control conditions : the score in the imitation condition (4.9\u00b10.2) was significantly greater than that in the control condition (3.9\u00b10.2, t(15)=2.18, p&lt;.05). For the NIRS data, we performed effect size analyses for each channel in each subject and then a group-level t-test for each channel. The result showed that the activation in the left premotor cortex (ch4) was significant in both the execution and observation phases, indicating that MNS was activated when the subject was writing a character and watching the other writing a character. We then examined the correlation between the activity in the left premotor cortex (ch4) and the hand liking score. We found a significant positive correlation between the premotor activity during observation phase and the score in the imitation condition (r=0.63, p&lt;.01). These results suggest that the more the subject likes the other who imitated the subject, the more the activity in MNS increases when the subject observed others imitating them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u30df\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30e0\u3092fNIRS\u3067\u89e3\u6790\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u30df\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u3068\u3044\u3046\u81ea\u5206\u3068\u540c\u3058\u52d5\u304d\u3092\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u306b\u597d\u610f\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73fe\u8c61\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u3069\u3046\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u52a0\u7b97\u5e73\u5747\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u304a\u3053\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304b\u3089effect size\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u30df\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u3064\u307e\u308a\u771f\u4f3c\u3055\u308c\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff0e\u3069\u3053\u3067\u5fdc\u7528\u5148\u3092\u805e\u304d\u9003\u3057\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u9762\u767d\u3044\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aFunctional connectivity between player-observer motor areas during a competitive game\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a <strong>S. YOKOYAMA<\/strong>, M. MATSUMOTO, S. SHIMADA\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Social cognition: Behavior and pharmacologyAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aMirror neuron system (MNS) is the brain regions that are activated both when executing an action and when observing the other performing the same action. In this study, we measured the MNS activities of two subjects simultaneously by using 48-ch (24-ch for each subject) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Eleven pairs of right-handed male subjects participated in the experiment (aged 21.7\u00b10.8 years). One subject (the player) performed the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game against an experimenter and another (the observer) cheered the player playing RPS. The experiment was repeated until more than 10 trials were obtained for each outcome (win, lose, and draw). Brain activity during motor execution similar to the RPS game was also measured with both subjects (the player and the observer). We applied the general linear model (GLM) analyses on NIRS data. One-way ANOVA and its subsequent analyses on the observer\u2019s data revealed that the inferior parietal lobule (angular gyrus) showed a significantly greater activation in the win condition compared to the draw and lose conditions (F(2,11)=4.65,P&lt;.05). The inferior parietal lobule was also activated in the motor condition, indicating that this area is a component of the mirror neuron system. We did not find such modulation in the player\u2019s brain activity data. We then employed the psychopysiological interaction (PPI) analysis and found that functional connectivity was observed between the premotor cortex of the player and the inferior parietal lobule of the observer in the win condition contrasted against the lose condition (t(10)=2.29, P&lt;.05). These results indicate that the observer\u2019s MNS was more activated and the connectivity between the player\u2019s and the observer\u2019s brains was more enhanced when the player whom the observer cheered won against the opponent than when he lost. Our results may account for why watching other&#8217;s performance, for example, professional sports game, is such a popular entertainment pervasively in the world.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u30df\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u6642\u306e\u6d3b\u6027\u90e8\u4f4d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u898b\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u307e\u305aGLM\u3067\u6d3b\u6027\u90e8\u4f4d\u3092\u7279\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\uff0cPPI\u3068\u3044\u3046\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u307f\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0eGLM\u3068\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3053\u306e\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u306f\u3068\u3066\u3082\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u304f\uff0c\u52c9\u5f37\u3057\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aDifferential MEG activity patterns for congruent and incongruent spatial relational judgments\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a <strong>N. M. SCOTT<\/strong>, M. SERA, A. P. GEORGOPOULOS\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Decision making and reasoningAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aChildren learn above\/below relational judgments earlier than right\/left judgments, but there is no explanation for this phenomenon. Relational judgments may exhibit congruency effects and this may complicate learning. For example, encoding above is easier at the top part of the screen than at the bottom &#8211; where it is incongruent. Incongruent trials, like right and left judgments, may require inhibition of a prepotent response or additional processing. We investigated the neural correlates of encoding and maintaining spatial relations for 3 seconds in working memory in 20 adults using magnetoencephalography (MEG). When comparing the MEG signal for above\/below vs. right\/left judgments over the period of stimulus presentation, we found the greatest difference in activity in the left temporal-parietal-occipital junction, right temporal cortex and cerebellum. Similar differential activation was observed during the working memory phase. When comparing congruent to incongruent trials, we found differential neural activity only in left frontal areas. Congruent-incongruent comparisons in working memory indicated differential activity bilaterally in frontal and temporal areas, including the same left frontal area indicated in the encoding phase. These findings are consistent with the idea that right\/left relations are represented differently than above\/below during both encoding and working memory phases.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306fWhite noise\u306e\u7537\u5973\u5dee\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u3092MEG\u7528\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306f\u7a7a\u9593\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u3067\u4e00\u81f4\u304b\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u4eba\u3082\u5973\u6027\u306e\u65b9\u3067\u3001\u5973\u6027\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u6226\u7565\u3068\u304b\u4f7f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u3068\u8003\u5bdf\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0eMEG\u3067\u306e\u8133\u8840\u6d41\u5909\u5316\u3067\u306f\u5973\u6027\u306f\u5de6\u4e0b\u524d\u982d\u56de\u3001\u7537\u6027\u306f\u8a00\u8a9e\u91ce\u304c\u6d3b\u6027\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3089\u3057\u3044\u3002\u3067\u3082\u306a\u305c\u4e00\u81f4\u3068\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u3067\u6bd4\u8f03\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aImagine the future! How does episodic simulation enhance prospective memory?\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a <strong>I. MOMENNEJAD<\/strong>, J. D. COHEN, K. A. NORMAN\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Human long-term memory: Encoding-retrieval interactionsAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000Imagining task-related future episodes enhances prospective memory (PM) (Brewer et al. 2011). One hypothesis is that episodic simulation recruits mechanisms that spontaneously bring prospective intentions to mind at the right time (Einstein and McDaniel, 2000). However, the neural mechanisms underlying the role of episodic future simulation in prospective memory have not yet been established. We suggest that (a) spontaneous retrieval processes in PM rely on episodic memory (Cohen and O\u2019Reilly, 1996), and (b) imagining task-related future episodes (episodic \u201cpreplay\u201d) increases the odds that the memory trace laid down during intention-formation will match the participant\u2019s mental state when the PM target appears. This increase in study-test match should (in turn) increase the likelihood that the PM target will trigger spontaneous retrieval of the PM intention. This view predicts that neural evidence for accurate episodic future simulation (i.e., preplay of features that match the PM target) would correlate with prospective memory success. To test this prediction, we used multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from a non-focal prospective memory paradigm. Participants were instructed to perform a numerical parity or magnitude task at fixation (ongoing task). while faces and scenes appeared peripherally on the left or right side of the screen. Participants were instructed to respond to a specific peripheral face or scene image (non-focal PM target) when it appeared on a specific side of the screen (left or right). In each trial, participants were informed about their future target (the identity of the image, and the side of the screen on which it would appear) and the ongoing task they would be performing when it appeared. After instruction, participants were asked to mentally simulate the future target and rate the quality of their imagery (20 s) before the start of the task. Behaviorally, we found a positive correlation between the ratings of imagery quality and PM hit rate. In order to test whether neural evidence for future simulation correlated with PM success, we trained a classifier on a functional localizer with images of faces and scenes (appearing on the left or right, during an ongoing parity or magnitude task), and we used these parameters to decode what the subjects \u201cimagined\u201d during the simulation period, along the following four dimensions: left\/right, image category, specific image identity, and ongoing task (parity\/magnitude). We will present the results of analyses exploring whether MVPA evidence of preplay during the simulation period predicts PM success.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30d5\u30a1\u3068prospective memory \u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u30a8\u30d4\u30bd\u30fc\u30c9\u30d0\u30c3\u30d5\u30a1\u306f\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3001\u8208\u5473\u3082\u3082\u3061\u805e\u304d\u306b\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3001prospective memory \u3068\u306f\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3068\u306f\u9055\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3042\u308b\u30b4\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u76ee\u6a19\u3068\u3057\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5411\u304b\u3046\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6307\u3059\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002\u8ab2\u984c\u3082\u3068\u3066\u3082\u8907\u96d1\u305d\u3046\u3067\u7406\u89e3\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u307e\u305f\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aDirect recordings of sustained theta-band electrical activity in the human auditory cortex during working memory for tones\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a <strong>P. E. GANDER<\/strong>, S. KUMAR, K. V. NOURSKI,H. OYA, H. KAWASAKI, M. A. HOWARD, T. D. GRIFFITHS\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Working memoryAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000Working memory is the capacity to hold and manipulate behaviourally relevant information in mind in the absence of ongoing sensory input. Here we tested the hypothesis that auditory working memory for tones requires ongoing activity in auditory cortex, and examined the form of such activity in neuronal ensembles. We recorded local field potentials from two human subjects undergoing invasive monitoring for pre-surgical localization of epileptic foci. The subjects were implanted with depth electrodes along the axis of Heschl\u2019s gyrus (HG) containing primary cortex in the medial part, and subdural grids over temporal and frontal cortex. Following a visual alert subjects were presented with a pair of tones (0.5 s duration, 1 s ISI) belonging to two different categories (\u2018Low\u2019: 300-570 Hz; \u2018High\u2019: 2000 -2800 Hz). A visual cue (1.5 s) then informed the subjects which tone (first or second) to keep in mind. A 3 s retention period was followed by a tone which could be the same or different (frequency difference \u00b120%) from the tone held in mind. The subjects made a same\/different decision by pressing a button. A total of 96 trials (48 each of \u2018Low\u2019 and \u2018High\u2019 tone retention) were presented. We measured average ERPs and carried out single-trial time-frequency analysis using a wavelet transform. Both the magnitude of ERPs (~100 ms after stimulus onset) and gamma-band (60-120 Hz) power in electrodes located in HG and lateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) showed category-specific responses during the perception of tones. High tones elicited stronger responses in medial HG and low tones in lateral HG. During the retention period, a sustained theta-band (2-6 Hz) activity was observed in all contacts that showed gamma-band responses during perception. Power in this band also showed a recency effect: a greater response in HG electrodes was observed for retention of the most recently presented (second) tone. On the STG, however, the opposite effect was observed: a greater 2-6 Hz power for retention of the first compared to the second tone. The data demonstrate: 1) theta-band correlates of tone retention in auditory cortex in the same neural ensembles that are active in the gamma band during perception 2) neural bases in the auditory cortex for interference effects within tonal working memory.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u97f3\u7a0b\u3068\u8074\u899a\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092MRI\u3068ERP\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\u7a7a\u9593\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3068\u8a00\u8a9e\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306f\u6709\u540d\u3067\u3059\u304c\u8074\u899a\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3092\u306f\u3058\u3081\u3066\u77e5\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u8272\u8abf\u306e\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u5e72\u6e09\u52b9\u679c\u306f\u8074\u899a\u76ae\u8cea\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u3068\u76f8\u95a2\u3042\u3063\u305f\u305d\u3046\u3067\u3059\u3002<br \/>\n\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3068\u3044\u3063\u3066\u3082\u6982\u5ff5\u304c\u5e83\u304f\uff0c\u611f\u899a\u91ce\u306e\u95a2\u308f\u308a\u3082\u9055\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u6539\u3081\u3066\u611f\u3058\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Society for Neuroscience 2014, http:\/\/www.sfn.org\/<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u5b66\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5831\u544a\u66f8<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u5831\u544a\u8005\u6c0f\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u5927\u8c37\u4fca\u4ecb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">DTI\u3068fNIRS\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u8133\u6d3b\u6027\u90e8\u4f4d\u9593\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u7dda\u7dad3D\u63cf\u753b\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u69cb\u7bc9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">3D drawing system to combine DTI data of nerve fibers and fNIRS data of activated brain regions<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8457\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u5927\u8c37\u4fca\u4ecb\uff0c\u5c71\u672c\u8a69\u5b50\uff0c\u5ee3\u5b89\u77e5\u4e4b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4e3b\u50ac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Neuroscience<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Neuroscience2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4f1a\u5834<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Convension Center<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u958b\u50ac\u65e5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">2014\/11\/15-2014\/11\/19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u306e\u8a73\u7d30<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2014\/11\/15\u304b\u30892014\/11\/19\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\uff0cWashington,DC\u306eConvension Center\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305fNeuroscience2014\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306eNeuroscience2014\u306f\uff0cNeuroscience\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u3067\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u306a\u795e\u7d4c\u79d1\u5b66\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30a2\u3084\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\uff0c\u610f\u898b\u3092\u4ea4\u63db\u3057\u5408\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u79c1\u306f15\uff0c16\uff0c17\uff0c18\uff0c19\u65e5\u306e5\u65e5\u9593\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304b\u3089\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u771f\u5cf6\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u6751\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5ca1\u6751\uff0c\u6edd\u304c\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\n<ul>\n<li>\u767a\u8868\u6982\u8981<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u79c1\u306f16\u65e5\u306e\u5348\u524d\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300cImaging Advances: Silico and High Throughput\u300d\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u767a\u8868\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u767a\u8868\u3067\uff0c4\u6642\u9593\u306e\u767a\u8868\u6642\u9593\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c3D drawing system to combine DTI data of nerve fibers and fNIRS data of activated brain region\u3068\u3044\u3046\u984c\u3067\u767a\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u767a\u8868\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\u63d0\u6848\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u7528\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\uff0cDTI\u3068fNIRS\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\uff0c\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u306b\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9818\u57df\u9593\u306b\u69cb\u9020\u7684\u306a\u7e4b\u304c\u308a\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u304c\u78ba\u8a8d\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6284\u9332\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u6284\u9332\u4e2d\u8eabObjective We aim to elucidate the brain network that leads to clarification of the pathogenic mechanism of mental illness. As fundamental examination, we visualized in three dimensions the brain active regions obtained functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and the running of the nerve fibers of brain obtained by nerve tracking method using Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) data of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with Direct3D, which is a kind of 3D programming. We discuss to study the relationship of the nerve fibers in the brain between the active regions using the proposed system. Methods In order to visualize the connection of the nerve fibers, the proposed system drew the nerve fibers between the active regions with three-dimensional coordinate data of the nerve fibers obtained from neural tracking method using DTI data\uff0cactive CH determined from cerebral blood flow change data of fNIRS and three-dimensional coordinate data of each of CH obtained from the magnetic measurement of fNIRS. Experiments using this system discussed the relationship of several active regions when subjects perform RST task that store a designated word in a sentence during reading the short sentence. A previous study has reported that a person with low scores had activation in the Broker region and Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC). On the other hand, a person with high scores had activation in the Broker region\uff0eDLPFC and the Wernicke&#8217;s region. In this study, one person with high scores and one person low scores participated. We drew the nerve fibers between the active regions of each subject by our system. Compared with results of each subject, and we investigated the relationship of the nerve fibers between the active regions. Results In result of using this system, it was confirmed that the low-score subject had intense connection of nerve fibers between the Broker region and DLPFC. On the other hand, high-score subject had connections of nerve fibers Broker region and DLPFC, the Broker region and the Wernicke&#8217;s region. These results indicated that the structure of the connection of the nerve fibers in the brain between the specific regions had the difference, and it depends on the results of RST. Conclusions In comparison with subjects whose results are different, the difference was found inThe connection of the nerve fibers. Connections of nerve fibers presented the connections in the regions suggested by several previous studies. We could evaluate the nerve fibers between the active regions using fNIRS data and MRI data by the proposed system. Visualizing the nerve fibers of the active regions using this system suggested that could lead to the elucidation of brain network.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8cea\u7591\u5fdc\u7b54<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8cea\u7591\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\uff0c\u300c\u795e\u7d4c\u7dda\u7dad\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u63cf\u753b\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306f\uff0c\u300cDTI\u3092\u64ae\u50cf\u3057\uff0c3D\u30d7\u30ed\u30b0\u30e9\u30df\u30f3\u30b0\u306e\u4e00\u3064\u306eDirect3D\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u63cf\u753b\u3057\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\uff0c\u300cMRI\u3068NIRS\u306e\u539f\u70b9\u3092\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306f\uff0c\u300c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u539f\u70b9\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u3066\uff0c\u76ee\u8996\u3067\u5408\u308f\u305b\u305f\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>3<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\uff0c\u300cDTI\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u4e00\u70b9\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066fNIRS\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\uff0c<br \/>\n\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3055\u305b\u305f\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306f\uff0c\u300c\u6642\u7cfb\u5217\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6642\u9593\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\uff0cDTI\u69cb\u9020\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u62bd\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>4<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9\u306f\uff0c\u300c\u3042\u306a\u305f\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30ea\u30a2\u306f\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u306a\u306e\u304b\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b66\u306a\u306e\u304b\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u79c1\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306f\uff0c\u300c\u30b3\u30f3\u30d4\u30e5\u30fc\u30bf\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u611f\u60f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u767a\u8868\u6642\u9593\u304c\u9577\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u5916\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u3068\u3082\u306b\u591a\u304f\u306e\u4eba\u306b\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u4f1d\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u305f\uff0e\u3057\u304b\u3057\uff0c\u8cea\u554f\u306e\u610f\u5473\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\uff0c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u7b54\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3082\u3042\u308c\u3070\uff0c\u3069\u3046\u7b54\u3048\u305f\u3089\u3044\u3044\u306e\u304b\u308f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\uff0e\u82f1\u8a9e\u529b\u306e\u306a\u3055\u3092\u75db\u611f\u3057\u305f\u5b66\u4f1a\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3067\u3082\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\uff0c\u8208\u5473\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3048\u305f\u306e\u3067\u826f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u3082\u3063\u3068\u8b70\u8ad6\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\uff0c\u306a\u304a\u3055\u3089\u9762\u767d\u3044\u5b66\u4f1a\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3046\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u82f1\u8a9e\u3092\u9811\u5f35\u308d\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u8074\u8b1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e5\u4ef6\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u8074\u8b1b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000The activity of the mirror neuron system during being imitated by others\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a A. SATO\uff0c S. SHIMADA\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Social cognition: Behavior and pharmacologyAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aThe mirror neuron system (MNS) is the brain areas that are activated when we perform some action and observe the same action performed by others. It is known that human beings tend to unconsciously imitate the behavior of others, and that the individual who is imitated tend to have good impression to the imitator, which is called the chameleon effect. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) we investigated the activity of MNS during being imitated by the other in order to examine the relationship between MNS and the chameleon effect. Sixteen subjects participated in this experiment. The subject was instructed to write a Japanese ancient character appeared on the screen within 9s (execution phase). Then the subject watched a movie stimulus (9s) in which a model with a blue or yellow glove wrote a Japanese ancient character that is either the same or different as the subject wrote in the previous execution phase (observation phase).We measured the brain activity around C3 and C4 of the 10\/20 system with NIRS throughout the experiment. After the experiment the subject evaluated how much the subject liked the blue or yellow hand in the video stimuli on a 7-point scale (1 = extremely dislikeable, 7 = extremely likeable). There was a significant difference in the hand liking score between the imitation and the control conditions :the score in the imitation condition (4.9\u00b10.2) was significantly greater than that in the control condition (3.9\u00b10.2, t(15)=2.18, p&lt;.05). For the NIRS data, we performed effect size analyses for each channel in each subject and then a group-level t-test for each channel. The result showed that the activation in the left premotor cortex (ch4) was significant in both the execution and observation phases, indicating that MNS was activated when the subject was writing a character and watching the other writing a character. We then examined the correlation between the activity in the left premotor cortex (ch4) and the hand liking score. We found a significant positive correlation between the premotor activity during observation phase and the score in the imitation condition (r=0.63, p&lt;.01). These results suggest that the more the subject likes the other who imitated the subject, the more the activity in MNS increases when the subject observed others imitating them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\uff0cfNIRS\u88c5\u7f6e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u30df\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3068\u30ab\u30e1\u30ec\u30aa\u30f3\u52b9\u679c\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u30ab\u30e1\u30ec\u30aa\u30f3\u52b9\u679c\u3068\u306f\uff0c\u76f8\u624b\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u307e\u306d\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52b9\u679c\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u3053\u308c\u306f\uff0c\u5354\u8abf\u3068\u306a\u306b\u304b\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5354\u8abf\u4f5c\u696d\u3067\u306f\u4e0b\u524d\u982d\u56de\u304c\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u95a2\u9023\u3059\u308b\u90e8\u4f4d\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u904b\u52d5\u91ce\u3092\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306a\u3068\u611f\u3058\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aTranscriptome tomography: Mapping genes onto 3D brain structures\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aY. OKAMURA-OHO\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Genomics, proteomics, and systems biologyAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aExpression-anatomy association is crucial for understanding molecular functions of, in particular, novel coding and non-coding genes. We have invented a framework for comprehensive gene expression density mapping on the whole three dimensional (3D) anatomical context, Transcriptome Tomography (PLoS One,2012;7,e45373,Video http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Td4rGRQIZuY&amp;list=UUIGmhpdcVev1Wc0YK7FHIig). Expression densities measured with high-throughput methods are usable for their mapping onto the 3D brain structure detected with other modalities such as MRI. Also they are usable directly for gene-by-gene correlation analysis of co-expression. This framework comprehensively assesses co-expression patterns that are latent within expression maps. Expression maps and co-expression search results in the mouse brain can be browsed in our website, ViBrism-DB (http:\/\/vibrism.neuroinf.jp\/). In this presentation we would focus on previously uncharacterized mouse-specific genes that were co-expressed with gene groups encoding transcription factors and related molecules. The genes were expressed in areas associated with specific brain functions and the previously uncharacterized non-coding genes were located in a co-expression network position linking the groups. This linkage suggests characteristics of the non-coding genes that may coordinate multiple gene groups and create mouse-specific neural designs. A part of this work was supported by members in RIKEN Neuroinformatics Japan Center and conducted within the WHS and DAI Task Forces of the INCF Program on Digital Brain Atlasing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u672c\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u60c5\u5831\u3092\u8133\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u907a\u4f1d\u60c5\u5831\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u60c5\u5831\u306f\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u9032\u3080\u3068\uff0c\u4eba\u306e\u75be\u60a3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u52d5\u7269\u3067\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u9032\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u308b\uff0e\u305d\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u7db2\u7f85\u7684\u306a\u767a\u73fe\u60c5\u5831\u30923\u6b21\u5143\u7a7a\u9593\u306b\u30de\u30c3\u30d4\u30f3\u30b0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\uff0c\u5275\u85ac\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u5206\u5b50\u306e\u63a2\u7d22\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aFunctional connectivity between player-observer motor areas during a competitive game\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aS. YOKOYAMA\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Social cognition: Behavior and pharmacologyAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aMirror neuron system (MNS) is the brain regions that are activated both when executing an action and when observing the other performing the same action. In this study, we measured the MNS activities of two subjects simultaneously by using 48-ch (24-ch for each subject) near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Eleven pairs of right-handed male subjects participated in the experiment (aged 21.7\u00b10.8 years). One subject (the player) performed the rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game against an experimenter and another (the observer) cheered the player playing RPS. The experiment was repeated until more than 10 trials were obtained for each outcome (win, lose, and draw). Brain activity during motor execution similar to the RPS game was also measured with both subjects (the player and the observer). We applied the general linear model (GLM) analyses on NIRS data. One-way ANOVA and its subsequent analyses on the observer\u2019s data revealed that the inferior parietal lobule (angular gyrus) showed a significantly greater activation in the win condition compared to the draw and lose conditions (F(2,11)=4.65,P&lt;.05). The inferior parietal lobule was also activated in the motor condition, indicating that this area is a component of the mirror neuron system. We did not find such modulation in the player\u2019s brain activity data. We then employed the psychopysiological interaction (PPI) analysis and found that functional connectivity was observed between the premotor cortex of the player and the inferior parietal lobule of the observer in the win condition contrasted against the lose condition (t(10)=2.29, P&lt;.05). These results indicate that the observer\u2019s MNS was more activated and the connectivity between the player\u2019s and the observer\u2019s brains was more enhanced when the player whom the observer cheered won against the opponent than when he lost. Our results may account for why watching other&#8217;s performance, for example, professional sports game, is such a popular entertainment pervasively in the world.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u672c\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u3058\u3083\u3093\u3051\u3093\u3092\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3068\u305d\u308c\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u8133\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u52dd\u5229\u3057\u305f\u4eba\u3092\u307f\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u306e\u30df\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0(MNS)\u304c\u3088\u308a\u6d3b\u6027\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u305f\uff0e\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u89b3\u6226\u3067\u52dd\u3066\u3070\u3046\u308c\u3057\u3044\u6c17\u6301\u3061\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u306f\uff0c\u3053\u306eMNS\u306e\u6d3b\u6027\u304c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u305f\uff0eMNS\u306e\u6d3b\u6027\u306b\u4f34\u3044\uff0c\u306a\u3093\u3089\u304b\u306e\u795e\u7d4c\u4f1d\u9054\u7269\u8cea\u304c\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3046\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u7269\u8cea\u3082\u307f\u3066\u3044\u3051\u3070\uff0c\u3088\u308aMNS\u306e\u89e3\u660e\u306b\u7e4b\u304c\u308b\u3068\u611f\u3058\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aReward- and conflict-induced interference: Guiding and biasing of visual attention\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aC. GIATTINO\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Functional mechanisms of attentionAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Features in the world around us are constantly biasing our attention. When these features are associated with reward (and are thus more salient), they can bias our attention, thereby promoting &#8211; or sometimes impairing &#8211; cognitive task performance, depending on the relevance of those features for our goals. Here we examined how visual attention and conflict processing interact with reward associations. Participants performed a version of the Erikson flanker paradigm in which the central target letter could be surrounded by symmetric flankers (e.g., XXYXX [incongruent] or YYYYY [congruent]) or asymmetric ones (e.g., XXYYY, left congruent, right incongruent), while neurophysiological (EEG) data was recorded, from which we extracted time-locked event-related potential (ERP) and event-related spectral (ERSP) responses. Additionally, two of a set of four letters were associated with high reward and the other two with low reward, all of which could act either as targets or flankers in different trials. Participants could gain money depending on their response time (RT) performance. Results showed that RTs increased as the number of incongruent flankers increased (bilateral congruent RTs &lt; asymmetric incongruent RTs &lt; bilateral incongruent RTs), as well as when the target letter was associated with high reward compared to low reward. In addition, if flanking incongruent letters were associated with high (vs. low) reward, participants responded more slowly, suggesting a reward-induced increase in attentional distraction. Asymmetrical conflict effects were observed in the ERPs with a lateralized negative deflection (at ~250-400 ms), followed by an increase in oscillatory power in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) substantially later (at ~600-900 ms), suggesting an initial distraction-induced attentional orienting toward the conflicting letters, followed by an active suppression of that input. In addition, preliminary analyses indicated that bilateral high-reward flankers elicited enhanced attentional biasing, as reflected by a decrease in occipital alpha. Finally, the analyses suggested that high-reward targets (irrespective of flanker reward) increased attentional biasing activity frontocentrally, manifested by a decrease in oscillatory beta-band activity (12-18 Hz). Together, these results reveal the different mechanisms by which reward can guide attention to suppress the processing of irrelevant distracting features (e.g., incongruent flankers) and to enhance the processing of relevant features (e.g., reward-associated targets) via top-down biasing<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u6642\u9593\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u304a\u91d1\u3092\u3042\u3052\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u916c\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u3069\u3046\u306a\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u5831\u916c\u306e\u984d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u53cd\u5fdc\u6642\u9593\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u679c\u3082\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff0e\u6ce8\u610f\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u610f\u6b32\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u5de6\u53f3\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u679c\u306a\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u306f\uff0c\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306e\u610f\u8b58\u3092\u305d\u308d\u3048\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u611f\u3058\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aDTI analysis of corticospinal tract using BrainSuite: A potential biomarker of upper extremity therapeutic response to neurorehabilitation in chronic stroke\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aB. KIM\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Stroke imaging and diagnostic studiesAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aCorticospinal tract (CST) microstructural characteristics measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) are known to be associated with upper extremity (UE) motor impairment after stroke. However, there is a gap in understanding the relationship between DTI-derived measures and UE motor function changes following neurorehabilitation. This study is part of a larger longitudinal phase-I clinical trial in chronic stroke that aims to determine the optimal dose of therapy for sustained affected arm use after therapy has ended. Our purpose is twofold: First, to establish methods to quantify CST characteristics in lesioned brains using BrainSuite. Second, to determine if UE motor performance changes after treatment in chronic stroke are associated with DTI-based CST measures. Nine chronic stroke participants completed neuroimaging and clinical assessments before and after 12 sessions of a reproducible UE therapy program within 4 months. Imaging data were processed using BrainSuite (version 13a, http:\/\/brainsuite.org). Specifically, BrainSuite was used to semi-automatically extract and parcellate the participants\u2019 brains from T1-weighted structural MRI images, to correct the diffusion images for geometric distortion, to coregister the diffusion images with the structural images, to compute DTI parameters, to perform deterministic tractography, and to identify the CST based on the set of tracks that pass through both a manually labeled pons region of interest (ROI) and an automatically labeled precentral gyrus ROI. The ipsi- and contra-lesional CST fractional anisotropy (FA) was quantified, and the CST FA asymmetry index [(FAcontra &#8211; FAipsi)\/(FAcontra + FAipsi)] was calculated. The Wolf motor function test (WMFT) and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) were performed to assess participants\u2019 motor function and impairment respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between CST FA asymmetry and these clinical outcomes, based on the hypothesis that pre CST FA asymmetry would be correlated with the pre to post changes in the WMFT and FMA scores. Similar to previous reports, the pre CST FA asymmetry was positively correlated with the pre WMFT score. However, the pre and pre to post changes in CST FA asymmetry were not correlated with the pre FMA or pre to post changes in either FMA or WMFT scores. Because of the limited range of pre CST FA asymmetry indices for the nine participants in this study, a relationship between CST FA asymmetry and clinical outcomes could not be explained by our results. Thus, further investigations of DTI-derived measures in post-stroke individuals are necessary to identify biomarkers for functional recovery.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u672c\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u8133\u5352\u4e2d\u5f8c\u306e\u904b\u52d5\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u5909\u5316\u3092DTI\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u60a3\u306e\u8a55\u4fa1\u306a\u3069\u3067\u306f\u3088\u304fDTI\u304c\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u795e\u7d4c\u30ea\u30cf\u30d3\u30ea\u30c6\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u95a2\u4fc2\u306bDTI\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u805e\u304b\u306a\u3044\uff0eFA\u5024\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u795e\u7d4c\u306e\u9ac4\u9798\u5316\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u30ea\u30cf\u30d3\u30ea\u306e\u5206\u91ce\u3067\u3082DTI\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u8a55\u4fa1\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u3060\u3068\u611f\u3058\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u5b66\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5831\u544a\u66f8<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u5831\u544a\u8005\u6c0f\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u5927\u6751\u6b69<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Sex differences of the pleasantness level of pictures upon cerebral activity using fMRI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Sex differences of the pleasantness level of pictures upon cerebral activity using fMRI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8457\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">A. OMURA, M. TANAKA, U. YAMAMOTO, T. HIROYASU<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4e3b\u50ac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Society for Neuroscience<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Neuroscience2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4f1a\u5834<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Washington Convention Center<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u958b\u50ac\u65e5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">2014\/11\/15-2014\/11\/19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u306e\u8a73\u7d30<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2014\/11\/15\u304b\u30892014\/11\/19\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\uff0cWashington Convention Center\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305fNeuroscience2014\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306eNeuroscience2014\u306f\uff0cSociety for Neuroscience\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u305f\u5b66\u4f1a\u3067\uff0c\u81e8\u5e8a\u30fb\u57fa\u790e\u30fb\u6280\u8853\u7cfb\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u306a\u53c2\u52a0\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308b\u81ea\u7531\u3067\u95ca\u9054\u306a\u4ea4\u6d41\u3068\u8b70\u8ad6\u306e\u5834\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u79c1\u306f\u5b66\u4f1a\u671f\u9593\u306e\u5168\u65e5\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304b\u3089\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u771f\u5cf6\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5ca1\u6751\u304f\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u8c37\u304f\u3093\uff0c\u6edd\u304f\u3093\u304c\u53c2\u52a0\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\n<ul>\n<li>\u767a\u8868\u6982\u8981<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u79c1\u306f19\u65e5\u306e\u5348\u524d\u306e\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300cHuman Emotion: Individual Differences and Disorders\u300d\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u767a\u8868\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u767a\u8868\u3067\uff0c\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6642\u9593(8:00-12:00)\uff0c\u7279\u306b\u6307\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u9593(9:00-10:00)\u306e\u9593\u306b\u6765\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u306b\u767a\u8868\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5f62\u5f0f\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u5feb\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u969b\u306e\u7537\u5973\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u767a\u8868\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6284\u9332\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u6284\u9332\u4e2d\u8eab[Purpose]The goal of this study was to identify an indicator of the level of pleasantness based on information provided by functional brain mapping. Because it is considered that work of emotion changes with factors of age and sex, the purpose was to verify differences in regions of brain activity and the level of activation owing to sex.[Methods]In this study, using a visual experiment whose stimulus pictures have the level of pleasantness, we considered sex <a href=\"http:\/\/ejje.weblio.jp\/content\/differences+between+the+sexes\">differences <\/a>in regions of brain activity and the level of activation based on the levels of pleasantness. Fifteen healthy right-handed subjects (8 women and 7 men) participated in this study. The group had a mean age of 21.2 years (standard deviation, 0.4 years). In this study, the level of pleasantness was categorized into three levels: High, Medium, and Neutral. Stimulus pictures which were sorted by the levels of pleasantness were presented to the subjects, and we measured Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Obtained data was analyzed by group analysis. Subsequently, we examined the differences in regions of brain activity and the level of activation owing to sex.<br \/>\n[Results]<br \/>\nCompared with men, women tended to activate in the cingulate cortex and the frontal lobe. Only in the case of High, women had activation in the cingulate cortex. In the case of Medium and Neutral, they did not have activation in the cingulate cortex. Besides, as the level of pleasantness decreased, the activation in the frontal lobe became smaller. On the other hand, men did not have activation in the cingulate cortex in the case of High. As with women, a lower level of pleasantness was associated with a smaller activation in the frontal lobe However, compared with women, they had a tendency for activation in the frontal lobe to be small. The frontal lobe is related to attention and interest. As a higher level of pleasantness induces higher attention and interest, it is considered that a higher level of pleasantness yields a larger active region. The level of pleasantness in sex is considered to reflect in the frontal lobe as the extent of activity, because a previous study has reported that women had more intense emotion than men did.<br \/>\n[Conclusions]<br \/>\nIn this study, we investigated the differences in regions of brain activity and the level of activation owing to sex. In both men and women, a lower level of pleasantness was associated with smaller activated areas in the frontal lobe. Furthermore, men had lower activation than women. Consequently, it is suggested that level of pleasantness and sex differences could be identified.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8cea\u7591\u5fdc\u7b54<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8cea\u7591\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8133\u306e\u8ce6\u6d3b\u3067\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u5dee\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b?\u53f3\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u3088\u308a\u8ce6\u6d3b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306a?\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u5de6\u53f3\u5dee\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\uff0c\u53f3\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u7dcf\u3058\u3066\u8ce6\u6d3b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u50be\u5411\u306b\u3042\u308b\uff0c\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u753b\u50cf\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3068\u672c\u80fd\u306b\u50cd\u304d\u304b\u3051\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u753b\u50cf(\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u98df\u3079\u7269\u306e\u307f\u306a\u3069)\u306b\u504f\u3089\u305b\u3066\u306f\u3069\u3046\u304b?\u3068\u3044\u3046\u52a9\u8a00\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30f3\u306e\u5feb\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u305f\u3044\u306e\u3067\u4eca\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30c6\u30fc\u30de\u306e\u753b\u50cf\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff0c\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u307f\u307e\u3059\uff0c\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>3<\/strong><br \/>\n\u5404\u5feb\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3067\u3053\u306e\u7537\u5973\u5dee\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b(\u3064\u307e\u308a\u6d77\u99ac\u3067\u306e\u5dee\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304b)?\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u306f\u3044\uff0c\u6d77\u99ac\u3067\u5404\u5ea6\u5408\u3067\u7537\u5973\u3067\u5dee\u5206\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0c\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>4<\/strong><br \/>\nUnpleasant\u306f\u4f7f\u3063\u3066\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b?\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8cea\u554f\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u4eca\u56de\u306fPleasant\u306e\u307f\u3067\uff0cUnpleasant\u306f\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u305b\u3093\uff0c\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u611f\u60f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u521d\u306e\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u767a\u8868\u3067\uff0c\u767a\u8868\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3082\u6c7a\u307e\u3063\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u7dca\u5f35\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u898b\u306b\u6765\u3066\u9802\u3044\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u304a\u3063\u3057\u3083\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u3044\u5834\u5408\u3082\u591a\u304f\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u7533\u3057\u8a33\u306a\u3044\u6c17\u6301\u3061\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\uff0c\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u82f1\u8a9e\u529b\u306e\u7121\u3055\u306b\u6094\u3057\u304f\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u6765\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u591a\u304f\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u5c11\u3057\u3067\u3082\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30ab\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3067\u304d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u306a\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u8074\u8b1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e5\u3064\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u8074\u8b1b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000Differential contribution of the medial and lateral entorhinal cortices, the perirhinal and postrhinal cortices and the hippocampal subfields to familiarity\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a A. MALET-KARAS, N. NAKAMURA, T. KITSUKAWA, M. SAUVAGE\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Learning and memory: Cortical and hippocampal circuitsAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Recognition memory is known to rely on two distinct processes recollection and familiarity. It is well-accepted that the hippocampus supports recollection. However, the specific neural basis for familiarity remains elusive. Indeed, a major controversy in recognition memory is whether only the parahippocampal region supports familiarity or whether the hippocampus also does in addition to recollection. This discrepancy emerged principally because of the lack of tools with spatial resolution high enough to dissociate activity occurring in adjacent regions in humans (for example the hippocampus and the parahippocampal region). Also, a growing number studies have reported a functional segregation within the parahippocampal region itself, e.g. between the lateral and medial entorhinal cortices and the perirhinal cortex and postrhinal cortices. Yet, the specific contribution of those areas to familiarity remains unclear. Moreover, the medial entorhinal cortex was recently found to selectively contribute to recollection and not familiarity, suggesting that not all parahippocampal areas would support familiarity. Here, we tested this hypothesis by combining a rat behavioral memory paradigm shown to yield familiarity-only judgments and high resolution molecular imaging to map the activity of the different MTL areas (the lateral and medial entorhinal cortices, the perirhinal cortex and postrhinal cortices, CA1 and CA3) during the retrieval of odor memory. The neuronal activation is assessed by the detection by fluorescent in-situ hybridization of the immediate-early gene Arc which is tightly linked to plasticity processes. Preliminary results indicate a functional segregation of the MTL areas in terms of their contribution to the familiarity process.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u8a18\u61b6\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u306f\u8a18\u61b6\u306f\u3042\u307e\u308a\u95a2\u4fc2\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u304c\uff0c\u6d77\u99ac\u306f\u60c5\u52d5\u8a18\u61b6\u3092\u62c5\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u90e8\u4f4d\u3067\uff0c\u81ea\u5206\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u90e8\u4f4d\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aConscious level required for working memory and long-term memory functions: An anesthesia study in humans\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a M. OSAKA, K. ENDO, T. IKEDA, T. MINAMOTO, A. NAKAE, S. HAGIHIRA, Y. FUJINO, T. MASHIMO\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a ++F.01.o. Working memoryAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Anesthesia is known to impair large variety of cognitive functions, disturbing neural synchronization. However, there are few studies systematically investigating an effect of anesthetic drugs on those functions. Manipulating a level of sedation, the present study examined the effect of anesthesia on two main cognitive functions: working memory and long-term memory. Participants received either Propofol (n = 10) or Midazolam (n = 10) and their cognitive performance was measured in four different sedative phases: before anesthesia (baseline), deep, moderate, and light phases. The sedation phases were manipulated individually with a target control infusion. We measured a reference level that produced conscious loss based on an eyelash reflex, and decreased the level in 1\/4 step for each phase: 3\/4 level for the deep, 2\/4 for the moderate, and 1\/4 for the light. Working memory was measured with a dual task paradigm where participants were required to remember words in a target category while ignoring non-category words. Following the task, a recognition task for the target words was given in order to test long-term memory. Another recognition task was given after the experiment when conscious level was fully recovered. Five participants were removed due to extremely poor performance (3 SDs away from the mean). In the working memory task, performance in the deepest phase was lower in comparison to the baseline and light conditions across two drugs. The result indicates that more than half of the conscious level was required for normal working memory function. On the other hand, in the first recognition task, performance in the deep condition was lower than those in other three conditions, indicating that half of the conscious level allows for normal long-term memory. Interestingly, in the second recognition task, performance in the moderate sedation was significantly lower than those in the baseline and light sedation. Those results indicate that memory transference is required three-quarter of the consciousness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u9ebb\u9154\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u3068\u304d\u306b\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u610f\u8b58\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3067\u30ec\u30b9\u30dd\u30f3\u30b9\u304c\u3069\u3046\u7570\u306a\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u9ebb\u9154\u72b6\u614b\u4e0b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3068\u3044\u3046\u73cd\u3057\u304f\u3066\u9762\u767d\u3044\u691c\u8a0e\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u3088\u308a\u533b\u7642\u73fe\u5834\u306e\u81e8\u5e8a\u306b\u8fd1\u3044\u5b9f\u9a13\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000The activity of the mirror neuron system during being imitated by others\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a A. SATO, S. SHIMADA\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a ++F.01.u. Social cognition: Behavior and pharmacologyAbstruct \uff1a The mirror neuron system (MNS) is the brain areas that are activated when we perform some action and observe the same action performed by others. It is known that human beings tend to unconsciously imitate the behavior of others, and that the individual who is imitated tend to have good impression to the imitator, which is called the chameleon effect. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) we investigated the activity of MNS during being imitated by the other in order to examine the relationship between MNS and the chameleon effect. Sixteen subjects participated in this experiment. The subject was instructed to write a Japanese ancient character appeared on the screen within 9s (execution phase). Then the subject watched a movie stimulus (9s) in which a model with a blue or yellow glove wrote a Japanese ancient character that is either the same or different as the subject wrote in the previous execution phase (observation phase).We measured the brain activity around C3 and C4 of the 10\/20 system with NIRS throughout the experiment. After the experiment the subject evaluated how much the subject liked the blue or yellow hand in the video stimuli on a 7-point scale (1 = extremely dislikeable, 7 = extremely likeable). There was a significant difference in the hand liking score between the imitation and the control conditions : the score in the imitation condition (4.9\u00b10.2) was significantly greater than that in the control condition (3.9\u00b10.2, t(15)=2.18, p&lt;.05). For the NIRS data, we performed effect size analyses for each channel in each subject and then a group-level t-test for each channel. The result showed that the activation in the left premotor cortex (ch4) was significant in both the execution and observation phases, indicating that MNS was activated when the subject was writing a character and watching the other writing a character. We then examined the correlation between the activity in the left premotor cortex (ch4) and the hand liking score. We found a significant positive correlation between the premotor activity during observation phase and the score in the imitation condition (r=0.63, p&lt;.01). These results suggest that the more the subject likes the other who imitated the subject, the more the activity in MNS increases when the subject observed others imitating them.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u6587\u5b57\u3092\u307e\u306d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u306e\u30df\u30e9\u30fc\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ed\u30f3\u306e\u8ce6\u6d3b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066fNIRS\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u767a\u8868\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u307e\u306d\u3055\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3068\u304d\u3088\u308a\u3082\u307e\u306d\u3055\u308c\u305f\u6642\u306e\u65b9\u304c\uff0cCH4(Premotor cortex)\u304c\u3088\u308a\u8ce6\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7d50\u679c\u3067\uff0c\u3084\u306f\u308a\u307e\u306d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3068\u4eba\u306f\u5fc3\u5730\u3088\u304f\u611f\u3058\u308b\u306e\u3060\u306a\u3068\u611f\u5fc3\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5fc3\u5730\u3088\u3055\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u5927\u5909\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000Developing support vector machine classification of associative memory for real-time fMRI\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a H. DESHPANDE, A. EKLUND, J. LISINSKI, C. MUELLER, B. KING-CASAS, S. LACONTE\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a ++F.01.h. Human long-term memory: Encoding-retrieval interactionsAbstruct \uff1a Introduction: Classification-based real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI) can decode subjects\u2019 brain activity to control an fMRI stimulus, potentially enabling therapeutic neurofeedback. Based on the success of region-of-interest-based rtfMRI [1], we are developing a support vector machine (SVM)-based rtfMRI system that can explore various facets of learning and memory. Reported here are results from a verbal paired associate memory study. Methods: fMRI data were collected on a 3T MRI (TR\/TE = 2000\/30 ms, 64\u00d764 acquisition matrix, 3.6-mm slice thickness, 33 slices, 220-mm field of view). Participants first performed a memorization task with 70 pseudo-word pairs [2] followed by a multiple choice recognition task. They performed 2 runs of each task in the scanner, with identical word pairs presented in random orders and with different multiple choice distractors. Preprocessing and SVM classification were performed using AFNI [3] and 3dsvm [4]. The memorization data were \u201clabeled\u201d with their subsequent recognition performance to train and test an SVM. By alternatively using one memorization run as training data and the other as test data, we were able to obtain cross-validated classification accuracies. Results: The subjects\u2019 recognition performance on the first and second recognition tasks was 40% and 50%, respectively (chance = 25%). The average SVM accuracy was 53% (31% and 22% were correctly classified as learned and not learned, respectively. While 19% and 27% were incorrectly predicted as learned and not learned, respectively). Fig. 1 shows examples of actual SVM output during correct fMRI classifications. Conclusions: Our results support the possibility of designing rtfMRI experiments to develop refined learning strategies as well as to neurofeedback-based rehabilitation for memory deficits after stroke\/head injuries. References: [1] Gabrieli, et al. 2012. [2] Medler and Binder, 2005. [3] Cox, 1996. [4] LaConte, et al. 2005.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0fMRI\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092SVM\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u8b58\u5225\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0efMRI\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\uff0c\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u51e6\u7406\u3068\u3044\u3046\u70b9\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8208\u5473\u3092\u5f15\u304f\u70b9\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u30ea\u30a2\u30eb\u30bf\u30a4\u30e0\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8b58\u5225\u306b\u7528\u3044\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u91cf\u3092\u9078\u3076\u3068\u304d\u306bROI\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u5168\u8133\u306e\u30dc\u30af\u30bb\u30eb\u3092\u7279\u5fb4\u91cf\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305d\u3046\u3067\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u3067\u8b58\u5225\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u304b\u5c11\u3057\u7591\u554f\u306b\u611f\u3058\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000Involvement of bilateral inferior frontal gyri in emotional recognition with social context: A TMS study\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Y. YAMASHITA, H. MAESHIMA, M. ABE, M. HONDA, M. OKADA, K. OKANOYA\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a ++F.01.n. EmotionAbstruct \uff1aIn order to investigate the involvement of both left and right inferior frontal gyri (IFG) in emotional recognition with social context, we developed a novel behavioral task to quantitatively measure an effect of contextual information on the recognition of facial expression changes. Then, by applying repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over left and right IFG, we examined whether these brain regions are critically involved in the processing of emotional context. The task trial consisted of sequential presentation of three pictures of a pre-face, a context scene, and a post-face, selected from the facial expression continua that were morphed in 6 steps from happy to fearful faces of a same model identity. Inserted scene images were pleasant, unpleasant scenes describing social context, and meaningless images were used for control conditions. The participants were asked to discriminate quickly and accurately the direction of facial expression changes (positive\/negative) from the pre-face to the post-face. The behavioral experiment demonstrated that the detection of subtle facial expression change was highly sensitive to the context scene. That is, when a facial expression change was \u201ccompatible\u201d (i.e. direction of a change in facial expression was consistent with the context stimulus), subjects were able to recognize significantly more precisely than \u201cincompatible\u201d changes of facial expressions (context effect). In addition, when pairs of the pre and the post faces belonged to different emotional category, subjects were able to recognize significantly more quickly and precisely than those from same category (category effect). Eighteen subjects, in whom the left IFG was successfully identified using TMS-induced speech arrest (SA) method, participated in the rTMS experiment. Fifteen minute-rTMS of 1Hz was applied to the left and right IFG to interfere cortical functions of these areas and the performances of the above task were measured before, immediately after and 30 minutes after the rTMS. As a result, the context effect was affected by the TMS applied over both the right and the left IFG. That is, TMS temporarily increased the error rate for the contextual trials, but not for the control, suggesting that bilateral IFG may be critically involved in the processing of emotional context. By contrast, the category effect was selectively affected by the TMS applied over the left IFG, which increased response latencies for the different category trials but not for the same category trials. This suggests that the left IFG plays a critical role in the categorical perception of emotional facial expression.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u611f\u60c5\u8a8d\u77e5\u3092TMS\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0eTMS\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u3057\u304f\u77e5\u308c\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u805e\u3044\u3066\u304b\u3089\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u5927\u5909\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u6700\u5c0f\u9650\u306e\u4e0d\u5feb\u611f\u3067\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3055\u305b\u308bTMS\u306f\uff0c\u5feb\u611f\u60c5\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u81ea\u5206\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u306f\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u3042\u308b\u30c8\u30d4\u30c3\u30af\u3067\u9762\u767d\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u5b66\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5831\u544a\u66f8<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u5831\u544a\u8005\u6c0f\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u5ca1\u6751\u9054\u4e5f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Relationship between brain activity and emotional state during multi-task<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8457\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u5ca1\u6751\u9054\u4e5f\uff0c\u5c71\u672c\u8a69\u5b50\uff0c\u5ee3\u5b89\u77e5\u4e4b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4e3b\u50ac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Society for Neuroscience<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Neuroscience2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4f1a\u5834<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Walter E. Washington Convention Center<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u958b\u50ac\u65e5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">2014\/11\/15-2014\/11\/19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u306e\u8a73\u7d30<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2014\/11\/15 \uff5e 2014\/11\/19\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\uff0cWalter E. Washington Convention Center\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305fNeuroscience2014\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u672c\u5927\u4f1a\u306f\uff0c\u8133\u795e\u7d4c\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u304c\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u304b\u3089\u96c6\u307e\u308a\uff0c\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3084\u30aa\u30fc\u30e9\u30eb\uff0c\u30b7\u30f3\u30dd\u30b8\u30a6\u30e0\u306a\u3069\u3067\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u6df1\u3081\uff0c\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u5f97\u3088\u3046\u3068\u3059\u308b\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u5927\u304d\u3044\u5b66\u4f1a\u3067\uff0cSociety for Neuroscience\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u79c1\u306f\u5168\u3066\u306e\u65e5\u7a0b\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304b\u3089\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u5927\u6751\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u771e\u5cf6\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u8c37\uff0c\u6edd\u304c\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\n<ul>\n<li>\u767a\u8868\u6982\u8981<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u79c1\u306f18\u65e5\u306e\u5348\u524d\u306e\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300cHuman Emotion: Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms\u300d\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u767a\u8868\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u767a\u8868\u3067\uff0c\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u898b\u306b\u7acb\u3061\u5bc4\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u305f\u65b9\u3005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u79c1\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8aac\u660e\u3084\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u884c\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u6642\u306e\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306f\u300cRelationship between brain activity and emotional state during multi-task\u300d\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6284\u9332\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the brain activity and the changes in the emotional state during multi task. This paper describes that the emotional influence of multi-task differs from person to person even if they do the same task using simplified Profile of Mood States (POMS). We measure the brain activation during the multi task using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), to find out a relationship between the brain activation and the emotional state.MethodsEight healthy young men and eight healthy young women (22\u00b11 years old) participated in this study. The subjects performed online letter matching tasks, which provide a multi task and a single task. The multi task consists of a simultaneous memory of two problems at the same time. On the other hand, the single task offers that the subject memories only one problem. In both of the experiments, we investigated the relationship between the brain activation and the emotional state. In the first experiment using fMRI, we measured the brain activation during the multi tasks and the single tasks. In the second experiment using POMS, we measured the emotional changes during both of the tasks. On the basis of the emotional changes caused by each task, we classified subjects to the high-stress group or the low-stress one.The subjects with increase in emotional changes are defined as the high-stress group and those with decrease of emotional changes are defined as the low-stress group. We compared the brain activation between the high-stress group and the low-stress group.<br \/>\nResults<br \/>\nThere were the high-stress subjects and the low-stress subjects in both tasks. The emotional influences caused by each task differed from person to person even if they do the same task. When the subjects performed the multi task, the difference of activation in the Vermis between the high-stress group and the low-stress one was observed. When the subjects performed the single task, the difference of activation in the Cerebellum between the high-stress group and the low-stress one was exhibited. Although there is not a unique region about the multi task, the results suggested that the difference in the emotional state is concerned with the brain activation in Vermis.<br \/>\nConclusions<br \/>\nThe emotional changes in the multi task and the single task differed from person to person. The difference in emotional changes was concerned with the brain activation even if they do the same task. This paper suggested that the emotional state during the multi task is closely related to the brain activation in Vermis.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8cea\u7591\u5fdc\u7b54<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8cea\u7591\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8cea\u554f\u8005\u306e\u6c0f\u540d\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u640d\u306d\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306f\uff0cPOMS\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0cPANAS\u3084STAI\uff0cManikin scale\u306a\u3069\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u65b9\u304c\uff0c\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u826f\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\uff0c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff0cPOMS\u306f\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u6291\u3046\u3064\u306a\u3069\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u3068\u3057\u3066\u4f7f\u7528\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u7528\u3044\u305f\u304c\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u4eca\u5f8c\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304a\u7b54\u3048\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>2<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8cea\u554f\u8005\u306e\u6c0f\u540d\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u640d\u306d\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306fHigh Stress\u7fa4\u306e\u9ad8\u6210\u7e3e\u7fa4\u3068Low Stress\u7fa4\u306e\u9ad8\u6210\u7e3e\u7fa4\u3067\u306f\u5225\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u6301\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u4eca\u5f8c\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u304a\u7b54\u3048\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8cea\u554f\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><strong>3<\/strong><br \/>\n\u8cea\u554f\u8005\u306e\u6c0f\u540d\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u640d\u306d\u3066\u3057\u307e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306f\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306e\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30de\u30eb\u30c1\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u72b6\u614b\u304c\u4f5c\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\uff0c\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u60f3\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u304a\u7b54\u3048\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u611f\u60f3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u5b66\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u52d5\u7269\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65b9\u3084\uff0c\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65b9\u304c\u610f\u898b\u3092\u4e0b\u3055\u308a\uff0c\u5927\u5909\u523a\u6fc0\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u7814\u7a76\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8b70\u8ad6\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3068\u3066\u3082\u96e3\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\u304c\uff0c\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u9055\u3046\u56fd\u3067\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65b9\u3005\u3068\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3092\u3068\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u3046\u308c\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u6b21\u56de\u306b\u5411\u3051\u3066\u3053\u308c\u304b\u3089\u3082\u7814\u7a76\u3068\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u52b1\u3082\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u8074\u8b1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e5\u4ef6\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u8074\u8b1b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000EFFECTS OF ACUTE STRESS ON RISKY MONETARY DECISION-MAKING\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Peter Sokol-Hessner, Candace M. Raio, Sarah P. Gottesman, Sandra F. Lackovic, Elizabeth A. Phelps\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Decision-Making and StressAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aA substantial body of recent research has argued for the importance of affective factors in human decision-making. However, the precise ways in which affect interacts with decision-making is still unclear, in part because it can be notoriously difficult to dissociate the specific processes and mechanisms underlying both. A number of recent studies have manipulated acute stress, an affective response with well-characterized neurohormonal components, to examine its effect on cognitive function. The promise of such a specific manipulation can only be fully realized, however, if an equal level of specificity is applied to the choices under examination. Only by separating the valuation and decision processes that underlie choices is it possible to identify the relationships that do, and do not, exist between those processes and the dimension of affect being manipulated. In risky decision-making, in which participants choose between options that vary in the amount that may be probabilistically won or lost, findings of the effects of stress have been mixed. Some studies have found that stress leads to risk aversion, while others have found that it leads to risk seeking. A limitation of many of these studies is that they fail to dissociate the processes that drive decision-making in risky situations, including not only risk attitudes but loss aversion and overall noisiness or consistency. Here, participants performed a standard risky monetary decision making task on each of two days. This task allows the quantification and separation of three distinct choice processes: risk attitudes (feelings about chance), loss aversion (the relative weighting of losses to gains), and choice consistency. At the beginning of each day, participants were equally likely to undergo an acute stress manipulation (the cold pressor task, or CPT, in which participants submerge their arm up to their elbow in ice water for three minutes) or a control condition (with room temperature water). We were thus able to examine participants&#8217; estimated parameter values on each day, and quantify the contribution of stress to each component of choice, within-subjects. Using this econometric model of participants\u2019 decision behavior, we found stress selectively affected risk attitudes by reducing risk aversion for gains, and did not affect loss aversion or consistency. Only by computationally separating the processes that contribute to risky monetary choice, and combining them with a well-characterized manipulation of the acute stress response, were we able to address confounds present in prior studies, and quantify the effects of stress in risky decision-making.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u30d2\u30c8\u304c\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u72b6\u614b\u304c\uff0c\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306fCPT\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u5f15\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u3092\u30b3\u30eb\u30c1\u30be\u30fc\u30eb\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a08\u6e2c\u3057\uff0c\u91d1\u92ad\u304c\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u884c\u308f\u305b\u305f\u3068\u304d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u305f\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u79c1\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u305d\u306e\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u6642\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\uff0c\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u3092\u884c\u308f\u305b\u308b\u524d\u306b\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u72b6\u614b\u3092\u8abf\u6574\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u51fa\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3068\u3053\u308d\u304c\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Effect of acute stress on working memory in male rats sexually motivated\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aE. HERNANDEZ-ARTEAGA, M. ALMANZA-SEP\u00daLVEDA, M. HERN\u00c1NDEZ-GONZ\u00c1LEZ, M. GUEVARA, H. BONILLA-JAIME, M. OLVERA CORT\u00c9S\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Executive function: Learning and memoryAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Stress is the biological mechanism through which the body attempts to regain homeostasis when affected by internal and external forces (stressors), based on behavioral and endocrine mechanisms. Stress can affect prefrontal cortex and thus affect executive functions, such as working memory. On the other hand, it is known that sexual behavior is an effective reward that enhances the acquisition and maintenance of working memory. Therefore, this study determines the effect of acute stress on visuospatial working memory (non-matching-to-sample working memory task using a T-maze) in sexually motivated male rats. 32 sexually experts male rats were trained in a T-maze using sexual interaction as a reward during a 4-day training period. According to their performance, the rats were divided into 2 groups: good-learners (n=12) and bad-learners (n=20). Finally, on the fifth day, 6 good-learners and 10 bad-learners were stressed by cold water immersion (CWI, 15\u00b0C) for 15 minutes before their execution in the T-maze while the remaining rats formed the control group. The results showed that acute stress by CWI improved working memory in both groups (good- and bad-learners), and decreased their sexual motivation to perform the task.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u6025\u6027\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u6027\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\u304c\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\uff0c\u30e9\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff0e\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306f\u79c1\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u306e\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u3067\u3082\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u6210\u7e3e\u3068\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u5ea6\u5408\u3044\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction correlates with frontal lobe changes during mood induction fMRI\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a B. B. BRADEN, T. K. GLASPY, T. PIPE, K. STEINKE, C. T. ELROD, L. C. BAXTER\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aHuman Emotion: Behavioral and Neural MechanismsAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aDepression neural circuitry has been established in part through brain mapping during induction of a sad mood. Interventions such as medication and deep brain stimulation have been shown to modulate depression neural circuitry. We examined whether a behavioral intervention, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), similarly modulates regional brain activity during emotional responsivity. Participants were 24 back pain patients, 13 of whom completed a 4 week MBSR class. The 11 Control participants were given MBSR reading material with no further instruction. All participants were evaluated for Beck Depression Inventory-II and Oswestry Low Back Pain and scanned on the same 3T Philips scanner a week before and after the MBSR training. During scanning, we used an fMRI mood induction paradigm that maps neural changes during transitions between sad and neutral moods. During the task, participants viewed alternating sets of sad (mourning people) or neutral (landscape) pictures for mood induction, signaling that they achieved the desired mood state (sad or neutral) with a button press. Individualized regressors linearly modeled the time periods during the attainment of sad and neutral moods. Parameters were TE\/TR= 30\/3000ms, FOV =24, 60&#215;60 matrix, 40 contiguous slices 4mm thick collected in the axial plane. SPM8 was used for image processing and analyses. Paired t-tests indicated that both groups declined in depression scores (Controls; p=0.05, MBSR p=0.08 but only the MBSR group showed a significant decline in back pain symptoms (p&lt;0.02; p=0.1 for Controls). At baseline, there were no group differences in fMRI responsivity. Post-intervention, the MBSR group showed greater BOLD signal in the middle anterior cingulate cortex (ACC; p=0.035, corrected), subgenual ACC (p=0.043, corrected), and left insula (p=0.038, corrected) during transitions from a sad to a neutral state, than the Control group. In summary, despite a mild improvement in depression in both groups, only the MBSR intervention improved back pain symptoms. FMRI results parallel these findings, showing greater frontal system engagement in regions important in awareness of internal states (insula) and cognitive awareness of emotional regulation (ACC). Further research is warranted to evaluate the neural correlates of MBSR as a behavioral intervention for distressed patient populations, including chronic back pain.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u3046\u3064\u75c5\u306e\u6539\u5584\u306b\u5411\u3051\u305f\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3068\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u85ac\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\uff0c\u884c\u52d5\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u30de\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30d5\u30eb\u30cd\u30b9\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u304c\u6709\u7528\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u3046\u3064\u75c5\u306e\u6539\u5584\u306e\u6307\u6a19\u3068\u3057\u3066middle anterior cingulate cortex\uff08ACC\uff09, subgenual ACC, and left insula \u306a\u3069\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u6307\u6a19\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u305d\u308c\u3089\u306e\u90e8\u4f4d\u306f\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u3068\u3082\u95a2\u9023\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u79c1\u3082\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u90e8\u4f4d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u3067\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a A cognitive function of the default mode network in monkeys: Shifting of selective attention?\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aN. S. CASPARI, R. VANDENBERGHE, W. VANDUFFEL\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aExecutive Function: Network ActivityAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aThe default mode network (DMN) is a set of brain regions activated during rest in human (Shulman et al. 1997) and monkey (Mantini et al., 2011). It is engaged during internally focused tasks including autobiographical memory retrieval, envisioning the future, and conceiving the perspectives of others. In addition the DMN is hypothesized to support a broad low-level focus of attention when monitoring the external world for unexpected events (Buckner et al. 2008). Defining an overarching function common to such widely different conditions, however, is implicitly difficult. An intriguing possibility is, that \u2018shifting operations\u2019 between series of internal thoughts, memories, and during passive, seemingly indifferent observation of the environment might be the glue across these conditions. If so, shifts in spatial attention should also engage the DMN. We tested this hypothesis using monkey fMRI during a covert selective attention task, previously used in humans (Molenberghs et al. 2007). Two pairs of shapes were peripherally presented and each pair contained a relevant and irrelevant shape. Monkeys fixated in the center and had to respond manually when the relevant stimulus dimmed. An event consisted of the replacement of the current stimulus pair by the other pair. In 1\/3 of the trials this change between pairs elicited a spatial shift in attention as the relevant stimulus was replaced by an irrelevant one. An event-related analysis (N=3) revealed a high degree of overlap (&gt;70%) in cortex posterior to the CS, between shift-related activations and the monkey DMN as defined in the consensus map of Mantini et al. (2011) (comparing rest vs. active task conditions in 15 expts). In contrast, shift-related activations anterior to the central sulcus, overlapped only to 8.15% with the monkey DMN, indicating possible functional subdivisions of the DMN. In the precentral sulcus and the ACC, shift- and DMN specific activations clustered adjacently. Sustained contralateral attention overlapped with the stimulus representations and activated an entirely different set of areas, except for portions of the ACC, the IPS, and area 12. Our data show that the posterior core of the DMN is clearly activated during shifting attention from one location to another, potentially mediated by frontal areas during top-down attentional control. It is therefore tempting to hypothesize that shifting operations in general, be it across memories, thoughts, and internally generated representations, are one important defining feature of the DMN. Cognitive shifting operations also break down in DMN-associated pathologies such as Alzheimer\u2019s disease, autism and schizophrenia (Buckner et al. 2008).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0cDefault Mode Network \u306e\u5f79\u5272\u306e1\u3064\u306b\uff0c\u56de\u60f3\u72b6\u614b\u3084\u672a\u6765\u3078\u306e\u5e83\u304f\u6d45\u3044\u6ce8\u610f\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u306a\u3069\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u72b6\u614b\u306e\u9593\u306e\u5909\u7570\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u8aac\u3092\u30b5\u30eb\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u691c\u8a3c\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3060\u3063\u305f\uff0e\u6ce8\u610f\u306e\u5207\u308a\u66ff\u3048\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30bf\u30b9\u30af\u4e2d\u306b\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\uff0c\u79c1\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u3082\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305fprecentral sulcus \u3068 ACC\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\uff0c\u81ea\u5206\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u3067\u3082\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u305f\u3044\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Clustering coefficient during resting state predicts trait anxiety in healthy adults\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aX. YOU, E. GORDON, M. NORR, M. STOLLSTORFF, C. J. VAIDYA\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aHuman Emotion: Individual Differences and DisordersAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aAnxiety can be defined as an unpleasant state of mental uneasiness or concern that is accompanied by physical discomfort. An anxious temperament (termed trait anxiety) is a risk factor for mood disorders and has been associated with individual differences in activation of medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala, regions involved in emotional processing. Resting-state functional networks involving those regions have been associated with trait anxiety using region-of-interest methods. Whether voxel-wise data-driven methods reveal those same associations is not known. Here, we examined whether a voxel-wise graph theory metric of clustering coefficient is sensitive to individual differences in trait anxiety (measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Clustering coefficient is the probability that the neighbors of the local node are also connected to each other, as a measure of local connectivity or \u201ccliqueness\u201d of a graph. High clustering is associated with robustness of a network, which is resilience against random network damage. We predicted that trait anxiety will correlate with clustering coefficient in medial PFC and amygdala. Eighty undergraduates (ages 18-22) completed the STAI and underwent fMRI at 3T for 5 min in a resting state with eyes closed. 152 fMRI images were slice-time- and motion-corrected, normalized, smoothed with Gaussian kernel with FWHM of 8mm in SPM8, and bandpass filtered (0.01-0.1Hz). The images were down-sampled to 6 mm voxel size for computational efficiency. Time course of each voxel was correlated to every other voxel and thresholded at p=.001 FDR corrected (r &gt; .32). Clustering coefficient maps were computed on the graph using the brain connectivity toolbox (https: \/\/sites.google.com\/site\/bctnet\/measures\/list). These maps were entered into a regression with STAI trait anxiety scores entered as the covariate of interest and mean framewise displacement as a covariate of no interest (p &lt; .05 monte carlo corrected). As predicted, higher trait anxiety scores were associated with higher clustering coefficient in ventral and dorsal medial PFC (BA10) extending to anterior cingulate (BA 32), regions implicated in emotional processing and monitoring. Contrary to prediction, a positive correlation was also observed in bilateral parahippocampus\/fusiform area and visual cortex (BA 17\/18), regions involved in memory and visual processing. Together, more robust information processing &#8211; high local connectivity of the graph in these regions during a task-free state may suggest the higher vigilance\/monitoring behavior that accompanies higher emotional reactivity in people with higher trait anxiety.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0cResting-State\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u4fc2\u6570\u304c\uff0cState-Trait Anxiety Inventory\uff08STAI\uff09\u306e\u30b9\u30b3\u30a2\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u304c\u307f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0eSTAI\u306f\u5bfe\u8c61\u8005\u306e\u4e0d\u5b89\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3084\u4e0d\u5b89\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6027\u8cea\u3092\u5f97\u70b9\u5316\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308a\uff0c\u79c1\u304c\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u5b66\u4f1a\u3067\u53d7\u3051\u305f\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306e1\u3064\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u6b21\u56de\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u304b\u3089\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u4e88\u5b9a\u306a\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u305d\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u304b\u3063\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n<strong>\u5b66\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5831\u544a\u66f8<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u5831\u544a\u8005\u6c0f\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u5927\u897f\u590f\u5b50<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u77e5\u7684\u751f\u7523\u6027\u5411\u4e0a\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u8272\u6e29\u5ea6\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u691c\u8a0e-\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u614b\u3068\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\u306e\u5f71\u97ff-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Analysis of color temperature to improve intelligent productivity -The effect of psychological states and brain activity-<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8457\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u5927\u897f\u590f\u5b50\uff0c\u5c71\u672c\u8a69\u5b50\uff0c\u4e09\u6728\u5149\u7bc4\uff0c\u5ee3\u5b89\u77e5\u4e4b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4e3b\u50ac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Society for Neuroscience<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Society for Neuroscience2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4f1a\u5834<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Walter E. Washington Convention Center<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u958b\u50ac\u65e5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">2014\/11\/15-2014\/11\/19<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u306e\u8a73\u7d30<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2014\/11\/15\u304b\u30892014\/11\/19\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\uff0cWalter E. Washington Convention Center\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305fSociety for Neuroscience2014 1) \u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306eSociety for Neuroscience2014\u306f\uff0cSociety for Neuroscience\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u3067\uff0c\u751f\u4f53\u8a08\u6e2c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8133\u6a5f\u80fd\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u88c5\u7f6e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066Neuroscience\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4fc3\u9032\u3084\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u6cd5\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3084\u8133\u795e\u7d4c\u5b66\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u79c1\u306f15\u65e5\u304b\u308919\u65e5\u306e\u4f1a\u671f\u5168\u3066\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304b\u3089\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u771e\u5cf6\uff0c\u5927\u6751\uff0c\u6edd\uff0c\u5ca1\u6751\uff0c\u5927\u8c37\u304c\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\n<ul>\n<li>\u767a\u8868\u6982\u8981<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u79c1\u306f19\u65e5\u306e\u5348\u5f8c\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300cFunctional Mechanisms of Attention II\u300d\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u767a\u8868\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u767a\u8868\u3067\uff0c240\u5206\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u6642\u9593\u5185\u306b60\u5206\u306e\u767a\u8868\u6642\u9593\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u8272\u6e29\u5ea6\u74b0\u5883\u304c\u9078\u629e\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u6642\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u614b\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u57fa\u306b\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u306f\u300cAnalysis of color temperature to improve intelligent productivity -The effect of psychological states and brain activity-\u300d\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6284\u9332\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u3010Purpose\u3011The aim of this study is to derive appropriate light environment to get a better work for office worker. Prior research mentioned that color temperature of office light effected on psychological states like fatigue. Therefore we investigate the psychological states before the start of experiment and discuss the effect of color temperature on brain function and working efficiency.\u3010Methods\u3011Thirty-four healthy adult male (age, 21.5 \u00b1 0.5 years) participated in this study. Before the start of experiment, they completed POMS (Profile of Mood States) that was used to evaluate the psychological states. After that, subjects were exposed to two types of lights (high color temperature at 7966 \u00b1 65 K and low color temperature at 3226 \u00b1 28 K) during the GO\/NOGO task. In order to investigate brain activity during sustained attention, the subjects performed the GO\/NOGO task. We investigated the GO\/NOGO task performance and cerebral blood flow (CBF) change during sustained attention. The performance was evaluated on the basis of an error rate and reaction time (RT) of the GO\/NOGO task. Reaction of the subject was counted as error when the reaction time of go trials exceeds 500 ms. In addition, fast 10% was calculated the average of reaction times among the 10% of the fastest reaction times in each subject. We measured CBF changes in the inferior frontal cortex (IFC) under sustained attention using fNIRS (functional near-infrared spectroscopy).\u3010Results and Discussion\u3011We classified subjects into two groups ; \u201cVigor\u201d and \u201cnon-Vigor\u201d. Any significant difference between Vigor and non-Vigor was not seen in RT (p&gt;.05). However, fast 10% was faster in Vigor group than non-Vigor group under both of lights. In non-Vigor group, CBF decreased or unchanged under both of lights. On the other hand, in Vigor group, CBF significantly increased under Blue light (p&lt;.05). These results suggest that Vigor group demonstrated a greater IFC activation and high score when exposed to high color temperature than non-Vigorous group.\u3010Conclusion\u3011This study demonstrated that the effect of color temperature differs from psychological states of the start of experiment. The results suggest that, when exposed to high color temperature, vigorous people performed fast responses and more activated in IFC.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8cea\u7591\u5fdc\u7b54<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8cea\u7591\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u77e5\u7684\u751f\u7523\u6027\u306f\u4f55\u3067\u6e2c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff1f<\/strong><br \/>\nAlina Shevorlkin\u3055\u3093\u304b\u3089\u9802\u3044\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u8996\u899a\u63a2\u7d22\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u8ab2\u984c\u6210\u7e3e\u3092\u3082\u3068\u306b\u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u8ab2\u984c\u6210\u7e3e\u306f\u53cd\u5fdc\u6642\u9593\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u53cd\u5fdc\u6642\u9593\u304c\u65e9\u3044\u307b\u3069\u77e5\u7684\u751f\u7523\u6027\u304c\u5411\u4e0a\u3057\u305f\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3001\u691c\u8a0e\u3092\u9032\u3081\u305f\u3068\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u30a2\u30a4\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u8996\u70b9\u8ffd\u8de1\u3092\u3057\u305f\u3089\u3069\u3046\u304b\uff0e<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6771\u4eac\u96fb\u6a5f\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6211\u59bb\u4f38\u5f66\u5148\u751f\u304b\u3089\u9802\u3044\u305f\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u30bf\u30fc\u30b2\u30c3\u30c8\u304c\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u6240\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53cd\u5fdc\u6642\u9593\u304c\u5909\u308f\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff0e\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u8996\u70b9\u8ffd\u8de1\u306b\u3088\u308a\u5149\u74b0\u5883\u9593\u3067\u306e\u8ffd\u8de1\u306e\u65b9\u7565\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3001\u3068\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3055\u3089\u306b\uff0c\u4e00\u70b9\u3092\u898b\u3064\u3081\u308b\u9577\u3055\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u7720\u6c17\u3092\u6e2c\u308b\u6307\u6a19\u306b\u3082\u306a\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u5b9f\u9a13\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u306e\u7d71\u5236\u306f\u884c\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff0e<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6771\u4eac\u96fb\u6a5f\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6211\u59bb\u4f38\u5f66\u5148\u751f\u304b\u3089\u9802\u3044\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n13:00-17:00\u3067\u7d71\u5236\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u671d\u306f\u7720\u6c17\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\uff0c\u591c\u306f\u75b2\u52b4\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u51fa\u308b\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3046\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u306f13:00-17:00\u304c\u4e00\u756a\u826f\u3044\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5b9f\u9a13\u6642\u9593\u306f\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306b\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u5927\u304d\u3044\u305f\u3081\u6c17\u3092\u3064\u3051\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3044\u3051\u306a\u3044\u3068\u3044\u3046\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u8ab2\u984c\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u6163\u308c\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u3069\u3046\u306a\u306e\u304b\uff0e\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u9593\u3067\u6163\u308c\u306e\u5dee\u306f\u51fa\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff0e <\/strong><br \/>\nThe city university of New York\u306eDaniel Robles\u3055\u3093\u304b\u3089\u9802\u3044\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306f\u4e88\u5099\u5b9f\u9a13\u3068\u3057\u3066\u672c\u5b9f\u9a13\u524d\u306b1\u56de\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u7df4\u7fd2\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u6163\u308c\u306e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306f\u7d71\u5236\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3066\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u305f\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u307e\u305f\u53e3\u982d\u306e\u30a2\u30f3\u30b1\u30fc\u30c8\u7d50\u679c\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u9593\u3067\u5f97\u610f\u30fb\u4e0d\u5f97\u610f\u306e\u5dee\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u306f\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u56de\u7b54\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306e\u8996\u529b\u306f\u8003\u616e\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b\uff0e <\/strong><br \/>\n\u7acb\u547d\u9928\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6a2a\u7530\u3055\u3068\u3057\u5148\u751f\u304b\u3089\u9802\u3044\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306e\u8996\u529b\u306f\u6e2c\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u56de\u7b54\u306b\u652f\u969c\u304c\u51fa\u306a\u3044\u8996\u529b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u78ba\u8a8d\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\u30020.7\uff5e1.0\u306e\u8996\u529b\u304c\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u9069\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c1.5\u306a\u3069\u306e\u8996\u529b\u304c\u826f\u3059\u304e\u308b\u4eba\u3082\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u304b\u3089\u9664\u304f\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u8996\u91ce\u89d2\u3082\u6e2c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u6559\u3048\u3066\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u7167\u660e\u306e\u8272\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3069\u306e\u304f\u3089\u3044\u306e\u6642\u9593\u3067\u76ee\u304c\u6163\u308c\u3066\u304f\u308b\u306e\u304b\uff0e<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6176\u5fdc\u5927\u5b66\u5927\u5b66\u9662\u306e\u571f\u6a4b\u6e21\u3055\u3093\u304b\u3089\u9802\u3044\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n5\u5206\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3067\u4eba\u9593\u306e\u76ee\u306f\u5149\u306e\u8272\u306e\u5909\u5316\u306b\u6163\u308c\u3066\u304f\u308b\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5b9f\u9a13\u5ba4\u306e\u8a2d\u8a08\u3084\u7167\u660e\u5236\u5fa1\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3068\u3066\u3082\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u3044\u3068\u8a00\u3063\u3066\u9802\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5bb6\u5177\u306e\u8272\u8abf\u3084\u7d20\u6750\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3082\u7167\u660e\u74b0\u5883\u304c\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5370\u8c61\u306f\u5909\u308f\u308b\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u5bb6\u5177\u3068\u306e\u8abf\u548c\u3082\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u306e\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u30ab\u30f3\u30c7\u30e9\u306f\u6e2c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b\uff0e<\/strong><br \/>\n\u6771\u4eac\u96fb\u6a5f\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u6211\u59bb\u4f38\u5f66\u5148\u751f\u304b\u3089\u9802\u3044\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u30ab\u30f3\u30c7\u30e9\u306f\u8a08\u6e2c\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\uff0c\u7167\u660e\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u30d1\u30e9\u30e1\u30fc\u30bf\u306f\u8272\u6e29\u5ea6\u3092\u30b1\u30eb\u30d3\u30f3\uff0c\u7167\u5ea6\u3092\u30eb\u30af\u30b9\u306e2\u7a2e\u985e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u611f\u60f3<br \/>\n\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u8074\u8b1b\u306b\u6765\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3063\u305f\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u4eba\u3068\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u3066\u826f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u8996\u899a\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u306e\u65b9\u306b\uff0c\u30a2\u30a4\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u3084\u8996\u529b\u306e\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u308b\u8a71\u3092\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u304a\u805e\u304d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\uff0c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u307e\u305f\uff0c\u6628\u5e74\u8074\u8b1b\u306b\u6765\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u3063\u305f\u65b9\u304c\u4eca\u5e74\u3082\u6765\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u308a\uff0c\u5b09\u3057\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u7814\u7a76\u5206\u91ce\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u306e\u65b9\u3082\u591a\u304f\u6765\u3066\u4e0b\u3055\u308a\uff0c\u9055\u3063\u305f\u8996\u70b9\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30c9\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u3092\u9802\u3051\u3066\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u6ce8\u610f\u3084\u8a18\u61b6\u306e\u8133\u6a5f\u80fd\u3092\u8abf\u67fb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u8074\u8b1b\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u3055\u307e\u3056\u307e\u306a\u8ab2\u984c\u3084\u89e3\u6790\u624b\u6cd5\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u5206\u304b\u308a\uff0c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u8074\u8b1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e5\u4ef6\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u8074\u8b1b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000Conscious level required for working memory and long-term<br \/>\nmemory functions: An anesthesia study in humans\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a M. Osaka, K.ENDO, T.IKEDA, T.MINAMOTO, A.NAKAE,<br \/>\nS.HAGIWARA, Y.FUJINO, T.MASHIMO\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Working Memory\u3000<a href=\"http:\/\/www.abstractsonline.com\/Plan\/ViewSession.aspx?sKey=03b73706-d06e-41ab-8c84-315ad324684f&amp;mKey=%7b54C85D94-6D69-4B09-AFAA-502C0E680CA7%7d\">I<br \/>\n<\/a>\u00a0 Abstract\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aAnesthesia is known to impair large variety of cognitive functions, disturbing neural synchronization. However, there are few studies systematically investigating an effect of anesthetic drugs on those functions. Manipulating a level of sedation, the present study examined the effect of anesthesia on two main cognitive functions: working memory and long-term memory. Participants received either Propofol (n = 10) or Midazolam (n = 10) and their cognitive performance was measured in four different sedative phases: before anesthesia (baseline), deep, moderate, and light phases. The sedation phases were manipulated individually with a target control infusion. We measured a reference level that produced conscious loss based on an eyelash reflex, and decreased the level in 1\/4 step for each phase: 3\/4 level for the deep, 2\/4 for the moderate, and 1\/4 for the light. Working memory was measured with a dual task paradigm where participants were required to remember words in a target category while ignoring non-category words. Following the task, a recognition task for the target words was given in order to test long-term memory. Another recognition task was given after the experiment when conscious level was fully recovered. Five participants were removed due to extremely poor performance (3 SDs away from the mean). In the working memory task, performance in the deepest phase was lower in comparison to the baseline and light conditions across two drugs. The result indicates that more than half of the conscious level was required for normal working memory function. On the other hand, in the first recognition task, performance in the deep condition was lower than those in other three conditions, indicating that half of the conscious level allows for normal long-term memory. Interestingly, in the second recognition task, performance in the moderate sedation was significantly lower than those in the baseline and light sedation. Those results indicate that memory transference is required three-quarter of the consciousness.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u9ebb\u9154\u306e\u6295\u5165\u306b\u3088\u308b\u610f\u8b58\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u3068\u9577\u671f\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e \u610f\u8b58\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3067\u8a18\u61b6\u306b\u5dee\u304c\u51fa\u308b\u306e\u304c\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u9ebb\u9154\u3092\u4f7f\u3063\u305f\u5b9f\u9a13\u306f\u521d\u3081\u3066\u805e\u3044\u305f\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u3078\u306e\u502b\u7406\u7684\u914d\u616e\u304c\u96e3\u3057\u305d\u3046\u3060\u3068\u611f\u3058\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u30ef\u30fc\u30ad\u30f3\u30b0\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u5c02\u9580\u5bb6\u3067\u3042\u308b\u82e7\u962a\u5148\u751f\u306e\u304a\u8a71\u3092\u76f4\u63a5\u304a\u805e\u304d\u3067\u304d\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u8cb4\u91cd\u306a\u4f53\u9a13\u3092\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"564\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aBinding across long-term memory and short-term memory in amnesia\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aElizabeth Race, Keely Burke &amp; Mieke Verfaelie\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aHuman Long-Term Memory: Medial Temporal Lobe II<br \/>\nAbstract\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aIt is known that short-term memory (STM) can improve when to-be-remembered information appears in contexts that make contact with existing long-term memory (LTM) representations. Recently, we demonstrated that the medial temporal lobe (MTL) plays a critical role in such integration across STM and LTM. Specifically, amnesic patients with MTL damage could not leverage intact visuospatial LTM representations to support verbal STM (Race et al., 2014). An important outstanding question is whether the MTL also plays a critical role in within-domain binding across LTM and STM. To investigate this question, we tested whether MTL amnesics could leverage intact verbal LTM to support verbal STM performance. Patients and matched controls immediately recalled lists of words that were either presented in familiar verbal contexts (word lists appeared as meaningful sentences) or unfamiliar verbal contexts (random word lists). Both patients and controls demonstrated enhanced immediate recall of verbal material in familiar verbal contexts (sentence advantage effect), indicating that patients are able to use intact semantic LTM to benefit verbal STM. These results reveal that the MTL is not critical for integrating across STM and LTM when that integration occurs within a single domain, consistent with a prior report of intact within-domain STM-LTM binding in developmental amnesia (Baddeley et al., 2010).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u5185\u5074\u5074\u982d\u8449\u304c\u77ed\u671f\u8a18\u61b6\u3068\u9577\u671f\u8a18\u61b6\u3092\u7d71\u5408\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306b\u91cd\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5185\u5074\u5074\u982d\u8449\u306e\u640d\u50b7\u60a3\u8005\u3068\u5065\u5e38\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u3092\u898b\u305f\u307e\u307e\u30ad\u30fc\u30dc\u30fc\u30c9\u306b\u6253\u3064\u5358\u7d14\u8ab2\u984c\u3068\u5358\u8a9e\u3092\u4e26\u3073\u66ff\u3048\u3066\u6587\u7ae0\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3059\u308b\u6587\u7ae0\u8ab2\u984c\u3067\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5185\u5074\u5074\u982d\u8449\u640d\u50b7\u60a3\u8005\u3068\u5065\u5e38\u8005\u3067\u306f\u8a18\u61b6\u306e\u91cf\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5dee\u7570\u304c\u51fa\u6765\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u9a5a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u304c60\u6b73\u4ee3\u524d\u534a\u306e\u65b9\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u82e5\u5e74\u306e\u88ab\u9a13\u8005\u3067\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3068\u7d50\u679c\u304c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b\u306e\u304b\u6c17\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aReward- and conflict- induced interference: guiding and biasing<br \/>\nof visual attention\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aC.M.Giattiono, B.van den Berg, F.B. Lee, M.M. Lorist, and<br \/>\nM.G. Woldorff\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aFunctional Mechanisms of Attention II.<br \/>\nAbstract\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aFeatures in the world around us are constantly biasing our attention. When these features are associated with reward (and are thus more salient), they can bias our attention, thereby promoting &#8211; or sometimes impairing &#8211; cognitive task performance, depending on the relevance of those features for our goals. Here we examined how visual attention and conflict processing interact with reward associations. Participants performed a version of the Erikson flanker paradigm in which the central target letter could be surrounded by symmetric flankers (e.g., XXYXX [incongruent] or YYYYY [congruent]) or asymmetric ones (e.g., XXYYY, left congruent, right incongruent), while neurophysiological (EEG) data was recorded, from which we extracted time-locked event-related potential (ERP) and event-related spectral (ERSP) responses. Additionally, two of a set of four letters were associated with high reward and the other two with low reward, all of which could act either as targets or flankers in different trials. Participants could gain money depending on their response time (RT) performance. Results showed that RTs increased as the number of incongruent flankers increased (bilateral congruent RTs &lt; asymmetric incongruent RTs &lt; bilateral incongruent RTs), as well as when the target letter was associated with high reward compared to low reward. In addition, if flanking incongruent letters were associated with high (vs. low) reward, participants responded more slowly, suggesting a reward-induced increase in attentional distraction. Asymmetrical conflict effects were observed in the ERPs with a lateralized negative deflection (at ~250-400 ms), followed by an increase in oscillatory power in the alpha band (8-12 Hz) substantially later (at ~600-900 ms), suggesting an initial distraction-induced attentional orienting toward the conflicting letters, followed by an active suppression of that input. In addition, preliminary analyses indicated that bilateral high-reward flankers elicited enhanced attentional biasing, as reflected by a decrease in occipital alpha. Finally, the analyses suggested that high-reward targets (irrespective of flanker reward) increased attentional biasing activity frontocentrally, manifested by a decrease in oscillatory beta-band activity (12-18 Hz). Together, these results reveal the different mechanisms by which reward can guide attention to suppress the processing of irrelevant distracting features (e.g., incongruent flankers) and to enhance the processing of relevant features (e.g., reward-associated targets) via top-down biasing.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0cEEG\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3067\uff0c\u5831\u916c\u306e\u9ad8\u3044\u8ab2\u984c\u6642\u306b\u306f\u03b1\u6ce2\u306e\u30d1\u30ef\u30fc\u5024\u304c\u8457\u3057\u304f\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u30ec\u30d9\u30eb\u306e\u5411\u4e0a\u3068\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u6642\u9593\u306e\u5897\u52a0\u304c\u307f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5831\u544a\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u8133\u6ce2\u306e\u5897\u6e1b\u3092\u30ab\u30e9\u30fc\u30de\u30c3\u30d7\u3067\u793a\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u9ad8\u5831\u916c\u3068\u4f4e\u5831\u916c\u306e\u5dee\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u8868\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u826f\u304f\u308f\u304b\u308a\uff0c\u304a\u3082\u3057\u308d\u3044\u306a\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u8133\u6ce2\u306e\u5de6\u53f3\u5dee\u306e\u691c\u8a0e\u624b\u6cd5\u3082\u304a\u805e\u304d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\uff0c \u3068\u3066\u3082\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aCognitive difficulties in urban population of cigarrets smokers\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aA. SHEVORYKIN, D. ROBLES, J. MOSES, R. D. MELARA\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aFunctional Mechanisms of Attention II.<br \/>\nAbstract\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aUnderstanding the social, psychological, and neurological mechanisms that drive addicts to crave and seek drugs of abuse is an essential first step in developing effective treatments for addictions. Nicotine dependence from tobacco smoking remains among the most common form of addiction in the United States and worldwide, with 250 million packs of cigarettes consumed each day and 5.4 million individuals die each year from smoking-related causes (CDC, 2012). Despite numerous behavioral and pharmacological techniques currently available to quit cigarette smoking, the relapse rate for nicotine addiction is among the highest of any addictive substance, with 75-80% of quitters relapsing within six months (Zhou, Nonnemaker, Sherrill, et al., 2009). The goal of this study was to examine the neural and behavioral correlates of tobacco craving in cigarette smokers during the performance of a cognitive task. A group of smokers and a group of nonsmokers (matched in age, education and gender) performed a version of the flanker conflict task (discriminate lines preceded and followed by matching or mismatching lines) in the presence of one of four visual cues (smoking, positive, negative, and neutral faces) while EEG was recorded. Smokers refrained from cigarettes for one hour prior to testing. The flanker effect &#8211; an index of the magnitude of distraction from conflict &#8211; was measured as the difference in reaction time on congruent (matching) versus incongruent (mismatching) trials. The flanker effect to neutral cues was comparable in smokers and nonsmokers. However, the flanker effect to smoking cues was significantly greater in smokers. The results suggest that tobacco-related visual cues are disruptive to normal processes of selective attention in cigarette smokers. Therefore, as potential mechanisms influencing these processing-related bias in smokers can be identified and analized, the substance abuse intervention approach could become more effective at targeting and reducing relapse rates among the smoking population. References Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Smoking &amp; Tobacco Use. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/tobacco\/ Zhou, X., Nonnemaker, J., Sherrill, B., Gilsenan, A.W., Coste,F., West, R. (2009). Attempts to quit smoking and relapse: Factors associated with success or failure from the ATTEMPT cohort study. Addictive Behavior, 34, 365-373<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u55ab\u7159\u8005\u306f\u975e\u55ab\u7159\u8005\u3068\u6bd4\u8f03\u3057\u3066\u9078\u629e\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u8ab2\u984c\u306e\u53cd\u5fdc\u304c\u9045\u304f\uff0c\u55ab\u7159\u304c\u9078\u629e\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u306e\u8133\u5185\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u306b\u5f71\u97ff\u3092\u53ca\u307c\u3059\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u55ab\u7159\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30b9\u30c8\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u8ab2\u984c\u306a\u3069\u8a8d\u77e5\u8ab2\u984c\u3092\u884c\u3046\u969b\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u8133\u306e\u30cd\u30c3\u30c8\u30ef\u30fc\u30af\u3092\u7834\u58ca\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u9a5a\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u55ab\u7159\u3092\u542b\u3081\u305f\u85ac\u7269\u306a\u3069\u306e\u4e2d\u6bd2\u8005\u3084\u4f9d\u5b58\u8005\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u3068\u3057\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aParametric Manipulations in Simon and Go\/NoGo reveal \u3000specificity of neural mechanisms of Response Selection and Inhibition\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aS. WIJEAKUMAR, M. W. VOSS, V. A. MAGNOTTA, A. T. BUSS, R. E. HAZELTINE, J. P. SPENCER\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aFunctional Mechanisms of Attention II.<br \/>\nAbstract\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aIncreased activation in cortical and sub-cortical regions has been reported in response to infrequent inhibition. However, it is unclear whether this increase in activation is due to infrequent inhibition or infrequent trials in general. Further, it is unknown how neural activation changes in response to increased stimulus-response mappings within the context of response selection. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effects on behavior and neural activation for two parametric manipulations in a Simon and a Go\/NoGo (GnG): a working memory load manipulation implemented by varying the number of stimulus-response mappings and a proportion manipulation implemented by varying the proportion of excitatory trials. It has also been shown that functional networks involved in task performance have enhanced synchrony during the resting state directly following task engagement. Therefore, we compared change in resting state networks before to after each task to determine whether the tasks would elicit distinct network interactions. Seed-based analyses were used to extract the default-mode network (DMN), salience network (SALN), executive control network (ECN) and a sensorimotor network (SMN). Behavioral results revealed increased reaction times on infrequent trials and also an increase in reaction times with an increasing number of stimulus-response mappings (load) for both tasks. A broad network of cortical, sub-cortical and cerebellar areas were activated by both tasks. Activation was greater on Go\/compatible than Nogo\/Incompatible trials at areas involved in motor-planning and control of movement. Bilateral lingual gyrus was selectively activated and de-activated in the Simon and GnG tasks respectively, reflecting a role specific to visuo-spatial attention. Insular-thalamic regions were selectively activated on infrequent events across both tasks. With regard to the load manipulation, there was a decrease in activation in the right inferior parietal lobule at higher loads. Thus, in contrast to the typical increase in neural activation with greater working memory demands, we found a decrease in activation suggesting that an associative memory mechanism underlies the stimulus-response mappings. Reliable resting state networks were identified across all resting-state runs. Both the SALN and ECN showed changes in resting state synchrony following both Response selection tasks. On the other hand, change in synchrony of the posterior cingulate cortex with the DMN was observed following the GnG task. Future work will integrate current theories and models of response selection with changes in neural activation.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0cGO\/NOGO task\u3067\u3088\u308a\u96e3\u6613\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u8ab2\u984c\u6642\u306b\u8996\u5e8a\u9818\u57df\u306e\u6d3b\u6027\u5316\u3068\u53f3\u4e0b\u982d\u9802\u5c0f\u8449\u3067\u306e\u6d3b\u6027\u306e\u6e1b\u5c11\u304c\u307f\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5831\u544a\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e \u53cd\u5fdc\u6291\u5236\u3084\u6ce8\u610f\u3092\u53f8\u308b\u80cc\u5916\u5074\u524d\u982d\u524d\u91ce\u3084\u4e0b\u524d\u982d\u56de\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u305f\u3081\uff0c\u3068\u3066\u3082\u8208\u5473\u6df1\u304b\u3063\u305f\u767a\u8868\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u5c55\u671b\u3067\u9078\u629e\u7684\u53cd\u5fdc\u6291\u5236\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3060\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u30e2\u30c7\u30eb\u4f5c\u6210\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u8b70\u8ad6\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3068\u3066\u3082\u52c9\u5f37\u306b\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Society for Neuroscience2014\uff0chttp:\/\/www.sfn.org\/annual-meeting\/neuroscience-2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u5b66\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5831\u544a\u66f8<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u5831\u544a\u8005\u6c0f\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u6edd\u8b19\u4e00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u5b66\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5831\u544a\u5831\u544a\u66f8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Analysis of processing mechanism of the human brain with multiple sensory information using fNIRS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8457\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u6edd\u8b19\u4e00, \u5c71\u672c\u8a69\u5b50, \u5ee3\u5b89\u77e5\u4e4b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4e3b\u50ac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Society for\u00a0Neuroscience<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Neuroscience2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4f1a\u5834<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Walter E. Washington Convention Center<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u958b\u50ac\u65e5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">2012\/04\/17-2012\/04\/20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u306e\u8a73\u7d30<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2014\/11\/15\u304b\u30892012\/04\/19\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\uff0cWalter E. Washington Convention Center\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305fNeuroscience2014\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306eNeuroscience2013\u306f\uff0cSociety for\u00a0Neuroscience\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u3067\uff0c\u751f\u4f53\u8a08\u6e2c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8133\u6a5f\u80fd\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u88c5\u7f6e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066Neuroscience\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4fc3\u9032\u3084\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3084\u8133\u795e\u7d4c\u5b66\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u79c1\u306f15\u304b\u308919\u65e5\u306e\u9593\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304b\u3089\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u771e\u5cf6\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u6751\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u8c37\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5ca1\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304c\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\n<ul>\n<li>\u767a\u8868\u6982\u8981<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u79c1\u306f17\u65e5\u306e\u5348\u524d\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300cPerception and Imagery\u300d\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u767a\u8868\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u767a\u8868\u3067\uff0c60\u5206\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u6642\u9593\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u8996\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u3068\u8074\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u3092\u5358\u4e00\u304a\u3088\u3073\u540c\u6642\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6284\u9332\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u3010Purpose\u3011The brain treats sensory information and grasps surrounding circumstances.<br \/>\nIn a daily life, the brain processes not only single sensory information but also multiple sensory information.<br \/>\nThis leads to perform an accurate perception.<br \/>\nFrom this fact, it is assumed that brain activities are different between single and multiple sensory stimulation.<br \/>\nIn this study, brain activities of single and multiple sensory stimulation are measured by functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and a processing mechanism of sensory information is discussed.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u3010Method\u3011<br \/>\nIn the experiment, fNIRS device (ETG-7100 : Hitachi Medical Co., Ltd.) was used.<br \/>\nThe whole brain was measured with 116 channels.<br \/>\nThe subjects were 15 (10 male) healthy adults, ages 22-24.<br \/>\nIn the experiment, three types of stimuli were prepared; visual stimuli, auditory stimuli and audio-visual stimuli.<br \/>\nIn the visual stimuli, checkerboard which was reversed at 7.5Hz was presented.<br \/>\nIn the auditory stimuli, sine-wave sound of 1000Hz was presented.<br \/>\nIn the block design, there were the rest for 30s and the task for 15s.<br \/>\nThis lock design was repeated for five times.<br \/>\nWe performed three trials for each stimulus.<br \/>\nDuring the task, subjects continue to look at the center of screen where the fixation point was marked.<br \/>\nThe derived cerebral blood flow data was processed with arithmetic mean the activation was discussed.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u3010Results\u3011<br \/>\nThe area that was active only when the audio-visual stimulus was presented was existed around both of temporal poles and the area that was active only when the single stimulus was presented was fund in the parietal region.<br \/>\nIn the other research, it was reported that the parietal association area involves the recognition of distance from stimulus.<br \/>\nThus, the subject may measure the distance between the subject and the stimulus presentation location and the parietal cortex was active.<br \/>\nWhen audio-visual stimulus was presented, the parietal cortex was not activated.<br \/>\nThis result suggests that the brain activities prioritized to understand the relationship of the audio-visual stimulus compared to understand the positional relationship between the stimuli.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u3010Conclusions\u3011<br \/>\nThe brain activities of single and multiple sensory stimuli were examined.<br \/>\nIn the audio-visual stimulus presentation, the area around both the temporal poles was active.<br \/>\nThe parietal cortex was active when the single stimulus was presented.<br \/>\nIt is suggested that brain gives priority to understand the audio-visual stimulus relationship rather than the measurement of the positional relationship between the stimulus and subject.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8cea\u7591\u5fdc\u7b54<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8cea\u7591\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u8005\u306e\u6240\u5c5e\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3092\u5931\u5ff5\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong><strong>CH<\/strong><strong>\u306e\u8272\u4ed8\u3051\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/strong><br \/>\n\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306f\u6d3b\u6027CH\u306e\u8272\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u79c1\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3069\u306e\u523a\u6fc0\u3067\u6d3b\u6027\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u4f55\u6545<\/strong><strong>fNIRS<\/strong><strong>\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u97f3\u3092\u805e\u304b\u305b\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u9a12\u97f3\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044MRI\u306f\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u4f55\u6545\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306e<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong>\u3068<\/strong><strong>5<\/strong><strong>\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u76ee\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n1\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u76ee\u306f\u4e0d\u6163\u308c\u306a\u305f\u3081\u304b\u8840\u6d41\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u305b\u305a5\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u76ee\u306f\u75b2\u52b4\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5916\u90e8\u306b\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3068\u8a0a\u306d\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u523a\u6fc0\u3067\u306f\u7d71\u5408\u306f\u8d77\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u7d71\u5408\u90e8\u4f4d\u306e\u6d3b\u6027\u304c\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u8a2d\u8a08\u3092\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u8a08\u6e2c\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u306a\u304a\u63d0\u793a\u523a\u6fc0\u3082\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u97f3\u58f0\u306e\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u30cd\u30b9\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u304c\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3054\u6307\u6458\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb<\/strong><strong>pSTS<\/strong><strong>\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f<\/strong><strong>fNIRS<\/strong><strong>\u3067\u8a08\u6e2c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u306e\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u4ed6\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30e2\u30fc\u30c0\u30eb\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u8996\u8074\u899a\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u307f\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb<\/strong><strong>pSTS<\/strong><strong>\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3066\u4eca\u5f8c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u691c\u8a0e\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057pSTS\u304c\u611f\u899a\u91ce\u304b\u3089\u5165\u529b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u611f\u60f3<br \/>\n3\u6708\u306e\u5b66\u4f1a\u3067\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3060\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8a71\u304c\u3042\u307e\u308a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6b8b\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u307e\u305f\u5b66\u4f1a\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u7de0\u3081\u5207\u308a\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u63c3\u3048\u3066\u304a\u3053\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u3057\u304b\u3057\u521d\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u5b66\u4f1a\u3092\u7121\u4e8b\u306b\u3053\u306a\u305b\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u81ea\u4fe1\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6df1\u3044\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u884c\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u3057\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u5b66\u4f1a\u306b\u81e8\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u8074\u8b1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e5\u4ef6\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u8074\u8b1b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000Multisensory inputs enhance neural target discrimination in monkey prefrontal cortex\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a F. KATSUKI, M. SAITO, M. A. BURT, T. R. STANFORD, B. A. ROWLAND, B.<br \/>\n\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Multisensory and Temporal Factors in Cross-Modal Processing<br \/>\nAbstruct \uff1a Behavioral performance can be enhanced by integrating cross-modal signals. This hasbeen well-characterized in cue detection\/localization tasks, where spatially aligned cross-modalstimuli elicit faster and more accurate responses. These behavioral enhancements are correlatedwith response enhancements in superior colliculus neurons. Such enhancements are dependenton the spatial alignment of the cross-modal cues, which may reflect a superordinate rule ofmultisensory integration or the informational gains conferred in the specific context oflocalization. We explored this issue for more complex decisions, requiring detection of a visualtarget of varying difficulty (oddball color stimulus) and release of a lever when it was present.We evaluated the impact of cross-modal cues on behavioral decisions and responses of monkeydorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) neurons. Neuronal responses were evaluated based ontarget discrimination time by comparing the firing rate between target and non-target stimuli. Inexperiment 1, monkeys were trained on an explicit visual discrimination task (auditory stimulirequired a no-go response), and tested with visual, auditory, and spatiotemporally concordantvisual-auditory stimuli, where the auditory stimulus provided no task-relevant information aboutwhich stimulus was the oddball. There were no significant behavioral or physiologicalenhancements (66 dlPFC neurons were studied) in the cross-modal versus the visual-alonecondition in this context. In experiment 2, different auditory tones (high versus low frequency)were paired with specific visual stimuli (oddball target present or absent) requiring either a go orno-go response to make them task-informative. Cross-modal stimuli now yielded more accuratebehavioral responses. Visually-responsive dlPFC neurons demonstrated faster discrimination forthe cross-modal than the visual component stimulus (visual: 112 versus 149 ms Permutation test,p&lt;0.05), even in neurons not explicitly responsive to auditory stimuli (n=27). The resultsdemonstrate that behavioral and physiological multisensory enhancements were not contingenton the spatial proximity of the cross-modal cues when the auditory stimulus was not directlylinked to the decision. Rather, multisensory benefits were evident only when both modalityspecificcues provided task-relevant information about the presence of the target.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u30b5\u30eb\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u611f\u899a\u9593\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u4e0a\u4e18\u3092\u591a\u611f\u899a\u7d71\u5408\u9818\u57df\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u79c1\u306ffNIRS\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u5927\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u591a\u611f\u899a\u7d71\u5408\u9818\u57df\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u805e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4e0a\u4e18\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u306f\u53ce\u7a6b\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1afNIRS and fMRI signals are concordant during a bipedal motor task\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a J. A. NOAH, Y. ONO, Y. NOMOTO, S. SHIMADA, A. TACHIBANA, X. ZHANG, S. BRONNER, J. HIRSCH<br \/>\n\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Multisensory: Cross-Modal Processing in Humans<br \/>\nAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a The academic success of students is a major concern in American culture; thus, thereis constant pressure for new discoveries that can improve education. Many classrooms arebeginning to substitute standard chairs with therapy balls, which help to improve students\u2019 focusand classroom performance, according to teacher and student reports. Therapy balls are a type ofheightened sensory tool, which are often used in physical and occupational therapy as a strategyfor individuals with learning or sensory differences. Heightened sensory tools increase thesensory information that the brain receives and have been effective at improving attention andclassroom performance. However, no studies explain why these tools are successful. Anobservational study indicated that attention and academic task improved with the use of therapyballs compared to standard chairs and that the effect of vestibular and proprioceptive inputshould be further investigated in a laboratory setting. Researchers performed an experiment withelementary school age participants (N = 20) to examine the effect of heightened sensorystimulation on the performance of functional school tasks and standard balance tasks. Subjectsperformed math and comprehensive reading tests during seating on a standard chair, seating withincreased vestibular input, and seating with increased proprioceptive input. They also completedstatic balance tasks with eyes open\/closed on a firm\/foam surface using the Biodex Balancesystem. Preliminary results suggest that with the utilization of therapy balls, school functioneither is the same or better compared to a standard chair. In addition, balance measures improvewhen proprioceptive and visual input are occluded or distorted after spending time on thestability ball. This research has the potential to help develop specific and evidence based trainingfor teachers and students on the appropriate strategies to use alternative seating in a classroomsetting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306ffNIRS\u3068fMRI\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4fe1\u53f7\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u4e21\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4fe1\u53f7\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305f\u79c1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3059\u3054\u304f\u8208\u5473\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u591a\u611f\u899a\u7d71\u5408\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5927\u304d\u306a\u76f8\u95a2\u5024\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\uff0c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u3057\u305f\u304b\u306f\u805e\u304d\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u9802\u3044\u305f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u3053\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aThe effect of difficulty of motor actions on mirror neuron system activity during imitation learning\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a T. I. HIMBERG, L. HIRVENKARI, R. K. HARI<br \/>\n\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Human Social Cognition: Behavior and Pharmacology<br \/>\nAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Mirror neuron system (MNS) is considered to play an important role in understandingand imitation learning of other\u2019s action. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) weinvestigated whether the MNS activity during observation of sequential actions is related to theperformance of the subsequent imitation. The subjects observed movie stimuli in which themodel folded an origami (a piece of colored paper). We prepared two different action sequencesto fold the origami (easy and difficult conditions). The subject was instructed to watch the moviestimuli (observation phase) and later fold the origami with the same sequence as the videodemonstration (execution phase). For the behavioral analysis, we scored the imitationperformance by assessing the recorded video. We added one point per step if the subject foldedthe origami in the same procedure as the demonstration. There was a significant difference inbehavioral score between the easy and difficult conditions: the score for the easy condition wassignificantly greater than that for the difficult condition (t(15)=5.27, P&lt;0.05). For NIRS dataanalyses, we applied 2 (conditions)\u00d72 (phase) 2-way ANOVA. The result showed that there wasa significant interaction between those factors in the bilateral supramarginal gyrus (ch16 and 40,P &lt;0.05). Subsequent analyses showed that those channels showed greater activity in the easycondition than in the difficult condition during the observation phase, while the opposite resultwas obtained in the execution phase. We then investigated the effective connectivity of thefronto-parietal cortices during imitation learning by means of psychophysiological interactions(PPI). The result showed that the left premotor cortex and the left supramarginal gyrus werestrongly connected in the difficult conditions compared to the easy conditions (P &lt;0.05).Suggesting that broader fronto-parietal MNS regions were recruited in the difficult condition.These findings suggest that MNS is involved in imitation learning, and its activity andconnectivity among these areas vary with the degree of difficulty of the observed action.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u660e\u6cbb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u540c\u3058\u304ffNIRS\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65b9\u3067\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8cb4\u91cd\u306a\u610f\u898b\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306ft\u691c\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ce6\u6d3b\u90e8\u4f4d\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u969b\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u6bd4\u8f03\u88dc\u6b63\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u898b\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u306bpsychophysiological interactions\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff0c\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aCommon brain activity patterns during perception, imagery, and dreaming\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a T. HORIKAWA, Y. HOSOKAWA, Y. KAMITANI<br \/>\n\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Human Cognition and Behavior<br \/>\nAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aDreaming often accompanies visual experience, which appears to be phenomenally\u00a0similar to stimulus-induced perception, and also to top-down mental imagery. It has been\u00a0debated whether the neural mechanism underlying dreaming is perception-like or imagery-like.\u00a0Our previous study (Horikawa et al., 2013) has shown that visual dream contents (object\u00a0categories) can be predicted from fMRI activity patterns in the visual cortex during sleep by\u00a0machine-learning decoders trained on brain activity induced by stimulus images containing\u00a0objects. This \u201cperception-to-dream\u201d decoding indicates that perception and dreaming share\u00a0neural representations of visual contents. Here we extend this approach to investigate the\u00a0commonality and difference of neural representations between perception, imagery, and\u00a0dreaming in brain areas known to be responsive to perception and\/or imagery tasks. In addition\u00a0to decoders trained on stimulus-induced brain activity (perception-trained decoders), we used\u00a0decoders trained on brain activity during a task in which subjects visually imagined objects\u00a0(imagery-trained decoders), to predict dreamed objects from brain activity during sleep. We\u00a0found that the overall accuracies for the decoding of dreamed objects were comparable between\u00a0the perception-trained decoders and the imagery-trained decoders. Interestingly, the perceptiontrained\u00a0decoders outperformed the imagery-trained decoders in relatively lower-level areas, the\u00a0ventral visual cortex and inferior parietal cortex, while the imagery-trained decoders\u00a0outperformed the perception-trained decoders in higher-level areas, the dorsolateral prefrontal\u00a0cortex and hippocampus. These results suggest that dreaming shares neural representations with\u00a0perception and imagery in multiple brain areas with greater similarity to perception and imagery\u00a0in lower and higher areas, respectively. Thus, the neural representation of dreaming may not be\u00a0unilaterally perception-like or imagery-like, but consist of a unique mixture of perception-like\u00a0and imagery-like brain states.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5922\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u3068\u899a\u9192\u6642\u306b\u7269\u4f53\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u306f\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3046\u8133\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u89e3\u660e\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u76f8\u6027\u306e\u826f\u3055\u3092\u611f\u3058\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aThe role of multisensory signals in interval timing: An MEG study\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a T. W. KONONOWICZ, L. LECOUTRE, V. VAN WASSENHOVE\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aHuman Cognition: Timing and Temporal Processing<br \/>\nAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aDuration perception has been shown to be influenced by the sensory modality; for\u00a0instance, for the same physical durations, auditory stimuli have often been reported to be\u00a0perceived as longer and more accurately than visual stimuli (Penney, Gibbon, and Meck, 2000).\u00a0This auditory dominance is even present when audio-visual durations are used (Burr, Banks,\u00a0Morrone, 2009; Chen and Yeh, 2009). In the context of internal clock which integrates temporal\u00a0pulses to provide an estimates of elapsed time, auditory dominance is believed to result from the\u00a0enhanced pacemaker rate, something that could be reflected in a build up of sustained magnetic\u00a0fields (Sieroka et al., 2003) . Alternatively, duration and accuracy of temporal performance could\u00a0be reflected in a pre- and pos- interval neural dynamics (Mayo and Sommer, 2013). Given that\u00a0the neural signatures of multisensory duration perception have been rarely investigated, we asked\u00a0participants to discriminate subsecond intervals marked by Audio, Visual, and Audio-Visual\u00a0stimuli. This study was also designed to address how expectancy of a certain modality can\u00a0modulate duration perception and how this expectancy changes pre-interval dynamics. To this\u00a0end, participants were cued with cues that were predictive of interval modality. We will\u00a0demonstrate how interval modality and cue predicting interval modality impacts subjective\u00a0timing. Moreover, the role of ramping activity (Wittman, 2013) and oscillatory dynamics in\u00a0duration discrimination will be discussed (Kosem, Gramfort, and Van Wassenhove, 2014).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u611f\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u306e\u77e5\u899a\u6642\u9593\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u611f\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u611f\u899a\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u305f\u7269\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u611f\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u304c\u540c\u3058\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u306e\u6642\u9593\u9593\u9694\u3067\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u6709\u540d\u3067\u3059\u304c\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u591a\u611f\u899a\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u4f8b\u306b\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u7269\u304c\u3042\u308a\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Neuroscience2014\uff0chttp:\/\/www.sfn.org\/annual-meeting\/neuroscience-2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u5b66\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5831\u544a\u66f8<\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u5831\u544a\u8005\u6c0f\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u6edd\u8b19\u4e00<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u5b66\u4f1a\u53c2\u52a0\u5831\u544a\u5831\u544a\u66f8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u767a\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u82f1\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Analysis of processing mechanism of the human brain with multiple sensory information using fNIRS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8457\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">\u6edd\u8b19\u4e00, \u5c71\u672c\u8a69\u5b50, \u5ee3\u5b89\u77e5\u4e4b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4e3b\u50ac<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Society for\u00a0Neuroscience<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u540d<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Neuroscience2014<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u4f1a\u5834<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">Walter E. Washington Convention Center<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"147\"><strong>\u958b\u50ac\u65e5\u7a0b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"373\">2012\/04\/17-2012\/04\/20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u306e\u8a73\u7d30<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>2014\/11\/15\u304b\u30892012\/04\/19\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\uff0cWalter E. Washington Convention Center\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305fNeuroscience2014\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306eNeuroscience2013\u306f\uff0cSociety for\u00a0Neuroscience\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u4e3b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u4f1a\u3067\uff0c\u751f\u4f53\u8a08\u6e2c\u304a\u3088\u3073\u8133\u6a5f\u80fd\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u30f3\u30b0\u88c5\u7f6e\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066Neuroscience\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u884c\u3044\uff0c\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u306e\u4fc3\u9032\u3084\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u306e\u5fdc\u7528\u306b\u3088\u308a\uff0c\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\u306e\u958b\u767a\u3084\u8133\u795e\u7d4c\u5b66\u306e\u7406\u89e3\u3092\u6df1\u3081\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u7684\u306b\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n\u79c1\u306f15\u304b\u308919\u65e5\u306e\u9593\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304b\u3089\u306f\u4ed6\u306b\u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u771e\u5cf6\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u897f\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u6751\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5927\u8c37\u3055\u3093\uff0c\u5ca1\u6751\u3055\u3093\u304c\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li>\u7814\u7a76\u767a\u8868\n<ul>\n<li>\u767a\u8868\u6982\u8981<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u79c1\u306f17\u65e5\u306e\u5348\u524d\u306e\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u300cPerception and Imagery\u300d\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u767a\u8868\u306e\u5f62\u5f0f\u306f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u767a\u8868\u3067\uff0c60\u5206\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u6642\u9593\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u767a\u8868\u306f\uff0c\u8996\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u3068\u8074\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u3092\u5358\u4e00\u304a\u3088\u3073\u540c\u6642\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u969b\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306b\u6284\u9332\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u3010Purpose\u3011<br \/>\nThe brain treats sensory information and grasps surrounding circumstances.<br \/>\nIn a daily life, the brain processes not only single sensory information but also multiple sensory information.<br \/>\nThis leads to perform an accurate perception.<br \/>\nFrom this fact, it is assumed that brain activities are different between single and multiple sensory stimulation.<br \/>\nIn this study, brain activities of single and multiple sensory stimulation are measured by functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) and a processing mechanism of sensory information is discussed.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u3010Method\u3011<br \/>\nIn the experiment, fNIRS device (ETG-7100 : Hitachi Medical Co., Ltd.) was used.<br \/>\nThe whole brain was measured with 116 channels.<br \/>\nThe subjects were 15 (10 male) healthy adults, ages 22-24.<br \/>\nIn the experiment, three types of stimuli were prepared; visual stimuli, auditory stimuli and audio-visual stimuli.<br \/>\nIn the visual stimuli, checkerboard which was reversed at 7.5Hz was presented.<br \/>\nIn the auditory stimuli, sine-wave sound of 1000Hz was presented.<br \/>\nIn the block design, there were the rest for 30s and the task for 15s.<br \/>\nThis lock design was repeated for five times.<br \/>\nWe performed three trials for each stimulus.<br \/>\nDuring the task, subjects continue to look at the center of screen where the fixation point was marked.<br \/>\nThe derived cerebral blood flow data was processed with arithmetic mean the activation was discussed.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u3010Results\u3011<br \/>\nThe area that was active only when the audio-visual stimulus was presented was existed around both of temporal poles and the area that was active only when the single stimulus was presented was fund in the parietal region.<br \/>\nIn the other research, it was reported that the parietal association area involves the recognition of distance from stimulus.<br \/>\nThus, the subject may measure the distance between the subject and the stimulus presentation location and the parietal cortex was active.<br \/>\nWhen audio-visual stimulus was presented, the parietal cortex was not activated.<br \/>\nThis result suggests that the brain activities prioritized to understand the relationship of the audio-visual stimulus compared to understand the positional relationship between the stimuli.<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u3010Conclusions\u3011<br \/>\nThe brain activities of single and multiple sensory stimuli were examined.<br \/>\nIn the audio-visual stimulus presentation, the area around both the temporal poles was active.<br \/>\nThe parietal cortex was active when the single stimulus was presented.<br \/>\nIt is suggested that brain gives priority to understand the audio-visual stimulus relationship rather than the measurement of the positional relationship between the stimulus and subject.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u8cea\u7591\u5fdc\u7b54<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u767a\u8868\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8cea\u7591\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n\u307e\u305f\u8cea\u554f\u8005\u306e\u6240\u5c5e\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3092\u5931\u5ff5\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u6d3b\u6027<\/strong><strong>CH<\/strong><strong>\u306e\u8272\u4ed8\u3051\u306e\u610f\u5473\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/strong><br \/>\n\u3053\u3061\u3089\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306f\u6d3b\u6027CH\u306e\u8272\u304c\u4f55\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u79c1\u306f\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3069\u306e\u523a\u6fc0\u3067\u6d3b\u6027\u3057\u305f\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u4f55\u6545<\/strong><strong>fNIRS<\/strong><strong>\u3092\u4f7f\u7528\u3057\u305f\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u97f3\u3092\u805e\u304b\u305b\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u3092\u884c\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u9a12\u97f3\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044MRI\u306f\u4e0d\u9069\u5207\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u4f55\u6545\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u30c7\u30b6\u30a4\u30f3\u306e<\/strong><strong>1<\/strong><strong>\u3068<\/strong><strong>5<\/strong><strong>\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u76ee\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u9664\u5916\u3057\u305f\u306e\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n1\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u76ee\u306f\u4e0d\u6163\u308c\u306a\u305f\u3081\u304b\u8840\u6d41\u304c\u5b89\u5b9a\u305b\u305a5\u30d6\u30ed\u30c3\u30af\u76ee\u306f\u75b2\u52b4\u306e\u5f71\u97ff\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u5224\u65ad\u3057\u305f\u305f\u3081\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u305f\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3046\u307e\u304f\u4f1d\u3048\u3089\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5916\u90e8\u306b\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8ad6\u6587\u306f\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3068\u8a0a\u306d\u3089\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u304c\u82f1\u8a9e\u3067\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3068\u7b54\u3048\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u523a\u6fc0\u3067\u306f\u7d71\u5408\u306f\u8d77\u304d\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u7d71\u5408\u90e8\u4f4d\u306e\u6d3b\u6027\u304c\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u8a2d\u8a08\u3092\u53c2\u8003\u306b\u65b0\u305f\u306b\u8a08\u6e2c\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3044\u305f\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u306a\u304a\u63d0\u793a\u523a\u6fc0\u3082\u7d39\u4ecb\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3059\u304c\u97f3\u58f0\u306e\u30e9\u30a6\u30c9\u30cd\u30b9\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u3055\u304c\u7d71\u4e00\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3054\u6307\u6458\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb<\/strong><strong>pSTS<\/strong><strong>\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f<\/strong><strong>fNIRS<\/strong><strong>\u3067\u8a08\u6e2c\u53ef\u80fd\u306a\u306e\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\u660e\u78ba\u306a\u56de\u7b54\u3092\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb\u4ed6\u306e\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u30e2\u30fc\u30c0\u30eb\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u884c\u308f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u73fe\u6642\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u8996\u8074\u899a\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u307f\u3092\u7814\u7a76\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3060\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n<strong>\u30fb<\/strong><strong>pSTS<\/strong><strong>\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u6349\u3048\u3066\u4eca\u5f8c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u691c\u8a0e\u3092\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u304b<\/strong><br \/>\n\u3053\u306e\u8cea\u554f\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u306f\uff0c\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057pSTS\u304c\u611f\u899a\u91ce\u304b\u3089\u5165\u529b\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u78ba\u8a8d\u3059\u308b\u3064\u3082\u308a\u3067\u3059\u3068\u56de\u7b54\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u611f\u60f3<br \/>\n3\u6708\u306e\u5b66\u4f1a\u3067\u767a\u8868\u3057\u305f\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3060\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u73fe\u5728\u884c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u8a71\u304c\u3042\u307e\u308a\u3067\u304d\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u6b8b\u5ff5\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u307e\u305f\u5b66\u4f1a\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u969b\u306f\u305d\u306e\u7de0\u3081\u5207\u308a\u3092\u610f\u8b58\u3057\u3066\u5831\u544a\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3092\u63c3\u3048\u3066\u304a\u3053\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e\u3057\u304b\u3057\u521d\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u5b66\u4f1a\u3092\u7121\u4e8b\u306b\u3053\u306a\u305b\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u81ea\u4fe1\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308a\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u53c2\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3088\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u3055\u3089\u306b\u6df1\u3044\u8b70\u8ad6\u3092\u884c\u3048\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u82f1\u8a9e\u306e\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u3057\u3066\u6b21\u306e\u56fd\u969b\u5b66\u4f1a\u306b\u81e8\u307f\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>\u8074\u8b1b<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u4eca\u56de\u306e\u8b1b\u6f14\u4f1a\u3067\u306f\uff0c\u4e0b\u8a18\u306e5\u4ef6\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u8074\u8b1b\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a\u3000Multisensory inputs enhance neural target discrimination in monkey prefrontal cortex<br \/>\n\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a F. KATSUKI, M. SAITO, M. A. BURT, T. R. STANFORD, B. A. ROWLAND, B.<br \/>\n\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Multisensory and Temporal Factors in Cross-Modal Processing<br \/>\nAbstruct \uff1a Behavioral performance can be enhanced by integrating cross-modal signals. This hasbeen well-characterized in cue detection\/localization tasks, where spatially aligned cross-modalstimuli elicit faster and more accurate responses. These behavioral enhancements are correlatedwith response enhancements in superior colliculus neurons. Such enhancements are dependenton the spatial alignment of the cross-modal cues, which may reflect a superordinate rule ofmultisensory integration or the informational gains conferred in the specific context oflocalization. We explored this issue for more complex decisions, requiring detection of a visualtarget of varying difficulty (oddball color stimulus) and release of a lever when it was present.We evaluated the impact of cross-modal cues on behavioral decisions and responses of monkeydorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) neurons. Neuronal responses were evaluated based ontarget discrimination time by comparing the firing rate between target and non-target stimuli. Inexperiment 1, monkeys were trained on an explicit visual discrimination task (auditory stimulirequired a no-go response), and tested with visual, auditory, and spatiotemporally concordantvisual-auditory stimuli, where the auditory stimulus provided no task-relevant information aboutwhich stimulus was the oddball. There were no significant behavioral or physiologicalenhancements (66 dlPFC neurons were studied) in the cross-modal versus the visual-alonecondition in this context. In experiment 2, different auditory tones (high versus low frequency)were paired with specific visual stimuli (oddball target present or absent) requiring either a go orno-go response to make them task-informative. Cross-modal stimuli now yielded more accuratebehavioral responses. Visually-responsive dlPFC neurons demonstrated faster discrimination forthe cross-modal than the visual component stimulus (visual: 112 versus 149 ms Permutation test,p&lt;0.05), even in neurons not explicitly responsive to auditory stimuli (n=27). The resultsdemonstrate that behavioral and physiological multisensory enhancements were not contingenton the spatial proximity of the cross-modal cues when the auditory stimulus was not directlylinked to the decision. Rather, multisensory benefits were evident only when both modalityspecificcues provided task-relevant information about the presence of the target.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u30b5\u30eb\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u611f\u899a\u9593\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u4e0a\u4e18\u3092\u591a\u611f\u899a\u7d71\u5408\u9818\u57df\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7740\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u79c1\u306ffNIRS\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u7814\u7a76\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u5927\u8133\u76ae\u8cea\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u591a\u611f\u899a\u7d71\u5408\u9818\u57df\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u77e5\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u3053\u306e\u767a\u8868\u3092\u805e\u304f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4e0a\u4e18\u306e\u5b58\u5728\u3068\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u77e5\u898b\u3092\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u306f\u53ce\u7a6b\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1afNIRS and fMRI signals are concordant during a bipedal motor task<br \/>\n\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a J. A. NOAH, Y. ONO, Y. NOMOTO, S. SHIMADA, A. TACHIBANA, X. ZHANG, S. BRONNER, J. HIRSCH<br \/>\n\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Multisensory: Cross-Modal Processing in Humans<br \/>\nAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a The academic success of students is a major concern in American culture; thus, thereis constant pressure for new discoveries that can improve education. Many classrooms arebeginning to substitute standard chairs with therapy balls, which help to improve students\u2019 focusand classroom performance, according to teacher and student reports. Therapy balls are a type ofheightened sensory tool, which are often used in physical and occupational therapy as a strategyfor individuals with learning or sensory differences. Heightened sensory tools increase thesensory information that the brain receives and have been effective at improving attention andclassroom performance. However, no studies explain why these tools are successful. Anobservational study indicated that attention and academic task improved with the use of therapyballs compared to standard chairs and that the effect of vestibular and proprioceptive inputshould be further investigated in a laboratory setting. Researchers performed an experiment withelementary school age participants (N = 20) to examine the effect of heightened sensorystimulation on the performance of functional school tasks and standard balance tasks. Subjectsperformed math and comprehensive reading tests during seating on a standard chair, seating withincreased vestibular input, and seating with increased proprioceptive input. They also completedstatic balance tasks with eyes open\/closed on a firm\/foam surface using the Biodex Balancesystem. Preliminary results suggest that with the utilization of therapy balls, school functioneither is the same or better compared to a standard chair. In addition, balance measures improvewhen proprioceptive and visual input are occluded or distorted after spending time on thestability ball. This research has the potential to help develop specific and evidence based trainingfor teachers and students on the appropriate strategies to use alternative seating in a classroomsetting.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306ffNIRS\u3068fMRI\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4fe1\u53f7\u306e\u76f8\u95a2\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\uff0c\u4e21\u6a5f\u5668\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u308b\u4fe1\u53f7\u306b\u5927\u304d\u306a\u5dee\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u305f\u79c1\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3059\u3054\u304f\u8208\u5473\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5185\u5bb9\u3067\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u591a\u611f\u899a\u7d71\u5408\u9818\u57df\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5927\u304d\u306a\u76f8\u95a2\u5024\u304c\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3068\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u304c\uff0c\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u89e3\u6790\u3092\u3057\u305f\u304b\u306f\u805e\u304d\u53d6\u308c\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u305f\u3081\u9802\u3044\u305f\u30dd\u30b9\u30bf\u30fc\u3092\u8aad\u307f\u8fbc\u3093\u3067\u3044\u3053\u3046\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aThe effect of difficulty of motor actions on mirror neuron system activity during imitation learning<br \/>\n\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a T. I. HIMBERG, L. HIRVENKARI, R. K. HARI<br \/>\n\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Human Social Cognition: Behavior and Pharmacology<br \/>\nAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Mirror neuron system (MNS) is considered to play an important role in understandingand imitation learning of other\u2019s action. Using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) weinvestigated whether the MNS activity during observation of sequential actions is related to theperformance of the subsequent imitation. The subjects observed movie stimuli in which themodel folded an origami (a piece of colored paper). We prepared two different action sequencesto fold the origami (easy and difficult conditions). The subject was instructed to watch the moviestimuli (observation phase) and later fold the origami with the same sequence as the videodemonstration (execution phase). For the behavioral analysis, we scored the imitationperformance by assessing the recorded video. We added one point per step if the subject foldedthe origami in the same procedure as the demonstration. There was a significant difference inbehavioral score between the easy and difficult conditions: the score for the easy condition wassignificantly greater than that for the difficult condition (t(15)=5.27, P&lt;0.05). For NIRS dataanalyses, we applied 2 (conditions)\u00d72 (phase) 2-way ANOVA. The result showed that there wasa significant interaction between those factors in the bilateral supramarginal gyrus (ch16 and 40,P &lt;0.05). Subsequent analyses showed that those channels showed greater activity in the easycondition than in the difficult condition during the observation phase, while the opposite resultwas obtained in the execution phase. We then investigated the effective connectivity of thefronto-parietal cortices during imitation learning by means of psychophysiological interactions(PPI). The result showed that the left premotor cortex and the left supramarginal gyrus werestrongly connected in the difficult conditions compared to the easy conditions (P &lt;0.05).Suggesting that broader fronto-parietal MNS regions were recruited in the difficult condition.These findings suggest that MNS is involved in imitation learning, and its activity andconnectivity among these areas vary with the degree of difficulty of the observed action.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u660e\u6cbb\u5927\u5b66\u306e\u5b66\u751f\u3067\u540c\u3058\u304ffNIRS\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u65b9\u3067\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8cb4\u91cd\u306a\u610f\u898b\u3092\u9802\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306ft\u691c\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8ce6\u6d3b\u90e8\u4f4d\u306e\u5224\u5b9a\u306e\u969b\u306e\u591a\u91cd\u6bd4\u8f03\u88dc\u6b63\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u30b3\u30cd\u30af\u30c6\u30a3\u30d3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u898b\u308b\u624b\u6cd5\u306bpsychophysiological interactions\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff0c\u306a\u3069\u3067\u3059\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aCommon brain activity patterns during perception, imagery, and dreaming<br \/>\n\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a T. HORIKAWA, Y. HOSOKAWA, Y. KAMITANI<br \/>\n\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a Human Cognition and Behavior<br \/>\nAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aDreaming often accompanies visual experience, which appears to be phenomenally\u00a0similar to stimulus-induced perception, and also to top-down mental imagery. It has been\u00a0debated whether the neural mechanism underlying dreaming is perception-like or imagery-like.\u00a0Our previous study (Horikawa et al., 2013) has shown that visual dream contents (object\u00a0categories) can be predicted from fMRI activity patterns in the visual cortex during sleep by\u00a0machine-learning decoders trained on brain activity induced by stimulus images containing\u00a0objects. This \u201cperception-to-dream\u201d decoding indicates that perception and dreaming share\u00a0neural representations of visual contents. Here we extend this approach to investigate the\u00a0commonality and difference of neural representations between perception, imagery, and\u00a0dreaming in brain areas known to be responsive to perception and\/or imagery tasks. In addition\u00a0to decoders trained on stimulus-induced brain activity (perception-trained decoders), we used\u00a0decoders trained on brain activity during a task in which subjects visually imagined objects\u00a0(imagery-trained decoders), to predict dreamed objects from brain activity during sleep. We\u00a0found that the overall accuracies for the decoding of dreamed objects were comparable between\u00a0the perception-trained decoders and the imagery-trained decoders. Interestingly, the perceptiontrained\u00a0decoders outperformed the imagery-trained decoders in relatively lower-level areas, the\u00a0ventral visual cortex and inferior parietal cortex, while the imagery-trained decoders\u00a0outperformed the perception-trained decoders in higher-level areas, the dorsolateral prefrontal\u00a0cortex and hippocampus. These results suggest that dreaming shares neural representations with\u00a0perception and imagery in multiple brain areas with greater similarity to perception and imagery\u00a0in lower and higher areas, respectively. Thus, the neural representation of dreaming may not be\u00a0unilaterally perception-like or imagery-like, but consist of a unique mixture of perception-like\u00a0and imagery-like brain states.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u308c\u306f\u5922\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u3068\u899a\u9192\u6642\u306b\u7269\u4f53\u3092\u898b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306e\u8133\u6d3b\u52d5\u306e\u985e\u4f3c\u6027\u3092\u691c\u8a0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u306f\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u3092\u7528\u3044\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u51e6\u7406\u3092\u884c\u3046\u8133\u6a5f\u80fd\u306e\u89e3\u660e\u3068\u6a5f\u68b0\u5b66\u7fd2\u306e\u76f8\u6027\u306e\u826f\u3055\u3092\u611f\u3058\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"529\">\u767a\u8868\u30bf\u30a4\u30c8\u30eb\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aThe role of multisensory signals in interval timing: An MEG study<br \/>\n\u8457\u8005\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1a T. W. KONONOWICZ, L. LECOUTRE, V. VAN WASSENHOVE\u30bb\u30c3\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u540d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aHuman Cognition: Timing and Temporal Processing<br \/>\nAbstruct\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \uff1aDuration perception has been shown to be influenced by the sensory modality; for\u00a0instance, for the same physical durations, auditory stimuli have often been reported to be\u00a0perceived as longer and more accurately than visual stimuli (Penney, Gibbon, and Meck, 2000).\u00a0This auditory dominance is even present when audio-visual durations are used (Burr, Banks,\u00a0Morrone, 2009; Chen and Yeh, 2009). In the context of internal clock which integrates temporal\u00a0pulses to provide an estimates of elapsed time, auditory dominance is believed to result from the\u00a0enhanced pacemaker rate, something that could be reflected in a build up of sustained magnetic\u00a0fields (Sieroka et al., 2003) . Alternatively, duration and accuracy of temporal performance could\u00a0be reflected in a pre- and pos- interval neural dynamics (Mayo and Sommer, 2013). Given that\u00a0the neural signatures of multisensory duration perception have been rarely investigated, we asked\u00a0participants to discriminate subsecond intervals marked by Audio, Visual, and Audio-Visual\u00a0stimuli. This study was also designed to address how expectancy of a certain modality can\u00a0modulate duration perception and how this expectancy changes pre-interval dynamics. To this\u00a0end, participants were cued with cues that were predictive of interval modality. We will\u00a0demonstrate how interval modality and cue predicting interval modality impacts subjective\u00a0timing. Moreover, the role of ramping activity (Wittman, 2013) and oscillatory dynamics in\u00a0duration discrimination will be discussed (Kosem, Gramfort, and Van Wassenhove, 2014).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u3053\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u611f\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u306e\u77e5\u899a\u6642\u9593\u304c\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u611f\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u306e\u63d0\u793a\u611f\u899a\u306e\u4e88\u6e2c\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u305f\u7269\u3067\u3059\uff0e\u7570\u306a\u308b\u611f\u899a\u523a\u6fc0\u304c\u540c\u3058\u73fe\u8c61\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u5224\u65ad\u3059\u308b\u6761\u4ef6\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3069\u308c\u3060\u3051\u306e\u6642\u9593\u9593\u9694\u3067\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u751f\u3058\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7814\u7a76\u306f\u6709\u540d\u3067\u3059\u304c\uff0c\u3053\u308c\u306f\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306e\u7d71\u5408\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u7814\u7a76\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\uff0c\u591a\u611f\u899a\u7d71\u5408\u306e\u4f8b\u306b\u306f\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u7269\u304c\u3042\u308a\u9762\u767d\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e<br \/>\n&nbsp;<br \/>\n\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Neuroscience2014\uff0chttp:\/\/www.sfn.org\/annual-meeting\/neuroscience-2014<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>2014\/11\/15-19\u306bWashington\u00a0DC\u306b\u3066\u958b\u50ac\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305fSociety for\u00a0Neuroscience\u00a02014\u306b\u53c2\u52a0\u81f4\u3057\u307e\u3057\u305f\uff0e\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5ba4\u304b\u3089\u306f\u5c71\u672c\u5148\u751f\uff0c\u5927\u6751(M2)\uff0c\u5927\u897f(M2)\uff0c\u771f\u5cf6(M2)\uff0c\u5ca1\u6751( &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/?p=2556\" class=\"more-link\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">&#8220;Neuroscience2014\u3010\u56fd\u969b\u5b66\u4f1a\u3011&#8221; \u306e<\/span>\u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-10","category-3"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2556","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2556"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2556\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/is.doshisha.ac.jp\/news\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}